Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Honors Biology > Chapter 7: Cell Organelles/Cell Theory/Cell Transport > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Cell Organelles/Cell Theory/Cell Transport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the 4 components to the cell theory?

A
  1. ) cells are the basic unit of life
  2. ) all living things are composed of cells
  3. ) cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
  4. ) new cells are produced from existing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Who was the first person to see and identify cells?

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the similarities between a transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and confocal light microscope?

A

All are used to be able to see cells on a molecular level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a confocal light microscope do?

A

Builds 3-D image.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does a transmission electron microscope do?

A

It uses electrons to pass through thin samples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a scanning electron microscope do?

A

It operates in air and in a solution to produce 3-D images.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are fluorescent labels used?

A

To study molecules in a cells. (Such as organelles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 characteristics must a cell have?

A
  1. ) it must be surrounded by a cell membrane

2. ) it must contains DNA (genetic info)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Example of each?

A

Eukaryotes contain a nucleus and prokaryotes do not.
Eukaryotes- animal and plant cells
Prokaryotes- bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True of False: Eukaryotes are more complex than prokaryotes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True of false: Prokaryotes are much larger than eukaryotes.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a small molecule that functions within a cell?

A

An organelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the center of cell? (Control center)

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which 2 microscopes build a 3D image?

A

Confocal light microscope and the scanning electron microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which microscopes use electrons?

A

Scanning ELECTRON microscope and transmission ELECTRON microscope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is DNA found in the cell?

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is chromatin and where is it found in the cell?

A

DNA bound to protein; the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of a nucleolus?

A

It is where ribosome assembly begins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What contains pores allowing protein, RNA, etc. into and out of the cell?

A

Nuclear envelope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are ribosomes composed of?

A

RNA and protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

They assemble proteins based on instructions from the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER?

A

Synthesized proteins that are being exported out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A

It synthesizes membrane lipids detoxifies drugs. (Commonly found in the liver)

24
Q

What is the difference between the smooth ER and rough ER?

A

The rough ER is covered in ribosomes giving it a rough appearance and the smooth ER is not.

25
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or secretion and receives proteins for the Rough ER.

26
Q

What are the functions of lysosomes?

A

Filled with digestive enzymes in order to digest lipids, carbs, and proteins while breaking down old organelles.

27
Q

What is the function of a vacuole?

A

Stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates while maintains the cells homeostasis.
Serve as structural support in plants.

28
Q

What makes the chloroplasts and mitochondria different from the rest of the organelles?

A

They have a double membrane and both contain their own DNA

29
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds more useful to the cell.

30
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

It is found is plants and captures energy from the sun and converts it into a chemical energy.

31
Q

What organelle(s) are found in plant cells but not animal?

A

Chloroplasts and cell wall

32
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A network of protein filaments that are mostly used for movement and structure.

33
Q

What do the centrioles do?

A

They organize cell division.

34
Q

What does the cell membrane have the helps move materials from in and out of the cell? What are they made out of?

A

Protein channels made out of protein.

35
Q

Define diffusion.

A

The movement of particles from a higher concentration tons lower.

36
Q

Define osmosis.

A

The movement of water molecules from a higher concentration to a lower.

37
Q

Define facilitated diffusion.

A

Transporting molecules that are too big for diffusion into the membrane using protein channels.

38
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement AGAINST the concentration gradient and requires energy.

39
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A
  1. ) regulation
  2. ) protection
  3. ) support
40
Q

What are the two parts of a membrane

A

Head: phosphate
Tail: fatty acid

41
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

To provide support and protection.

42
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of?

A

Carbohydrate fibers and proteins.

43
Q

What are the levels of organization of cells?

A

Cells
Tissue
Organ
Organ system

44
Q

What are two examples of endocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

45
Q

Define pinocytosis.

A

Taking in fluid. (To drink)

46
Q

Define phagocytosis.

A

Taking in chunks. (To eat)

47
Q

Define endocytosis.

A

To take in by engulfing. (Amoeba do this)

48
Q

How to find concentration?

A

Mass of solutes per volume of solution.

49
Q

Define equilibrium.

A

When the system has same concentration throughout; no net movement.

50
Q

Isotonic

A

When concentration is equal

51
Q

Hypotonic

A

More diluted side.

52
Q

Hypertonic

A

More concentrated side

53
Q

Define osmotic pressure.

A

Pressure on the hypertonic side of selectively permeable membrane.

54
Q

Why aren’t animal cells harmed by osmotic pressure?

A

Blood is isotonic.

55
Q

Why aren’t plant cells harmed by osmotic pressure?

A

Plants have a rigid cell wall.

56
Q

Define exocytosis.

A

Releasing large amounts of material from the cell by having a vacuole surround the material and fuse with the cell membrane.

57
Q

What is the most abundant life form?

A

Unicellular organisms (single-celled organism)

58
Q

Cell specialization

A

Cells developing in different ways to preform different tasks.

Honors Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions