Chapter 7: Cell Chemistry

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Basic unit of all forms of life

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

Fundamental concept of biology

States all living things are composed of cells;

Cells are the basic units of structure and functions in living things;

New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Thin, flexible barrier surrounding all cells

Regulates what enters and leaves cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Atom - centre of atom that contains protons and neutrons;

Cell - structure containing cellular genetic information (DNA)

Question 5

Eukaryote

Answer 5

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus

Question 6

Prokaryote

Answer 6

Unicellular organism lacking nucleus

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

Fluid portion of cell outside nucleus

Question 8

Organelle

Answer 8

Specialized structure performing important cellular functions in eukaryotic cells

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Cell organelle storing materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 10

Lysosome

Answer 10

Cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules to be used by rest of cell

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Network of protein filaments in eukaryotic cell

Gives cell shape, internal organisation, and is involved in movement

Question 12

Centriole

Answer 12

Structure in animal cells that organises cell division

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

Organelle consisting of RNA and protein in cytoplasm

Site of protein synthesis

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Internal membrane system in eukaryotic cells

Site of lipid component assembly

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and materials from endoplasmic reticulum for storage in cell or release outside of cell

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

Organelle found in plant cells and few other organisms

Captures sunlight energy and converts into chemical energy

Question 17

Mitochondrion

Answer 17

Organelle that converts energy from food into compounds for cell to use

Question 18

Cell wall

Answer 18

Strong supporting layer around cell membrane in some cells

Question 19

Lipid bilayer

Answer 19

Flexible double-layered sheet

Makes up cell membrane and forms barrier between cell and surroundings

Question 20

Selectively permeable

Answer 20

Property of biological membranes

Allows some substances to pass through while others cannot

AKA: semipermeable membrane

Question 21

Diffusion

Answer 21

Process where particles tend to move from concentrated area to less concentrated areas

Question 22

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 22

Process of diffusion where molecules pass across membrane through membrane channels

Question 23

Aquaporin

Answer 23

Water channel protein in cell

Question 24

Osmosis

Answer 24

Diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane

Question 25

Isotonic

Answer 25

When concentration of outer and inner solutions are equal

Question 26

Hypertonic

Answer 26

When inner concentration is greater than outer

Question 27

Hypotonic

Answer 27

When inner concentration is lesser than outer

Question 28

Osmotic pressure

Answer 28

Pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across selectively permeable membrane

Question 29

Homeostasis

Answer 29

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

Question 30

Tissue

Answer 30

Group of similar cells performing a particular function

Question 31

Organ

Answer 31

Group of tissues working together to perform closely related functions

Question 32

Organ system

Answer 32

Group of organs working together to perform a specific function

Question 33

Receptor

Answer 33

On or inside a cell

Specific protein whose shape fits specific molecular messengers, such as a hormone