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Chem 101 > Chapter 7 B > Flashcards

Chapter 7 B Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the solubility rules for common ionic compounds?

A

Compounds containing Group 1 metals, nitrates, acetates, and ammonium ions are soluble. Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except for those of silver, lead, and mercury. Sulfates are soluble except for those of calcium, barium, and lead. Carbonates, phosphates, and sulfides are insoluble except for those of Group 1 metals and ammonium ions.

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2
Q

What are the signs of a chemical reaction?

A

The signs of a chemical reaction include the formation of a precipitate, evolution of gas, color change, release or absorption of energy (heat or light), and formation of a new substance.

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3
Q

True or False: Compounds containing group 1 metals are insoluble.

A

False. Compounds containing Group 1 metals are soluble.

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4
Q

Which of the following ions are generally soluble: sulfates, carbonates, or nitrates?

A

Nitrates are generally soluble.

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5
Q

What does it mean when a chemical equation is balanced?

A

A balanced chemical equation has an equal number of each type of atom on both the reactant and product sides.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: Compounds containing _____, _____, and _____ ions are soluble.

A

Compounds containing Group 1 metals, nitrates, and acetates ions are soluble.

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7
Q

What is the general solubility rule for sulfides?

A

Sulfides are generally insoluble, except for those of Group 1 metals and ammonium ions.

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8
Q

Which of the following is a sign of a chemical reaction: a) melting of ice, b) boiling water, c) formation of a precipitate, d) cutting paper?

A

c) formation of a precipitate

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9
Q

What is the general solubility rule for carbonates?

A

Carbonates are generally insoluble, except for those of Group 1 metals and ammonium ions.

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10
Q

True or False: Evolution of gas is not a sign of a chemical reaction.

A

False. Evolution of gas is a sign of a chemical reaction.

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11
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

Enthalpy is the heat content of a system at constant pressure.

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12
Q

True or False: Enthalpy change is represented by ΔH.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the standard state for enthalpy?

A

The standard state for enthalpy is 25°C and 1 atm pressure.

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14
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

An exothermic reaction releases heat to its surroundings.

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15
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

An endothermic reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings.

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16
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

A combustion reaction is a type of exothermic reaction that involves a fuel and oxygen producing heat and light.

17
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

A decomposition reaction is when a compound breaks down into simpler substances.

18
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

A synthesis reaction is when two or more substances combine to form a more complex product.

19
Q

What is a single displacement reaction?

A

A single displacement reaction is when an element reacts with a compound, displacing another element from it.

20
Q

What is a double displacement reaction?

A

A double displacement reaction is when ions in two compounds exchange places to form two new compounds.

21
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves both reduction and oxidation processes.

22
Q

What is Hess’s Law?

A

Hess’s Law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same whether it occurs in one step or multiple steps.

23
Q

What is the formula for calculating enthalpy change?

A

ΔH = H(products) - H(reactants)

24
Q

What is a reversible reaction?

A

A reversible reaction is a reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions.

25
Q

What is an irreversible reaction?

A

An irreversible reaction is a reaction that proceeds in one direction only.

26
Q

What is the enthalpy of formation?

A

The enthalpy of formation is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.

27
Q

What is the enthalpy of combustion?

A

The enthalpy of combustion is the enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely burned in oxygen.

28
Q

What is the enthalpy of reaction?

A

The enthalpy of reaction is the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction.

29
Q

What is the enthalpy of solution?

A

The enthalpy of solution is the enthalpy change when one mole of solute is dissolved in a large excess of solvent.

30
Q

What is the enthalpy of neutralization?

A

The enthalpy of neutralization is the enthalpy change when an acid and a base react to form one mole of water.

31
Q

What is the enthalpy of hydration?

A

The enthalpy of hydration is the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous ions dissolves in water to form a solution.

32
Q

What is the enthalpy of vaporization?

A

The enthalpy of vaporization is the enthalpy change when one mole of a liquid substance vaporizes.

33
Q

What is the enthalpy of fusion?

A

The enthalpy of fusion is the enthalpy change when one mole of a solid substance melts.

34
Q

What is the enthalpy of sublimation?

A

The enthalpy of sublimation is the enthalpy change when one mole of a solid substance changes directly to a gas.

Chem 101 (10 decks)

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