Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is the definition of an empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
How do you calculate the empirical formula?
- Convert mass of each element to moles. 2. Divide each mole value by the smallest mole value. 3. If necessary, multiply all values by a common factor to get whole numbers.
What is the definition of a molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
What is the relationship between empirical and molecular formulas?
The empirical formula is always a whole number ratio of the molecular formula.
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.022 x 10^23 particles/mol.
How do you convert between moles and particles?
Use Avogadro’s number: 1 mol = 6.022 x 10^23 particles.
What is the molar mass of a substance?
The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams/mol.
How do you calculate the molar mass of a compound?
Sum the atomic masses of all the elements in the compound.
What is the formula to calculate moles?
Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol).
What is the formula to calculate mass?
Mass = moles x molar mass.
What is the formula to calculate number of particles?
Number of particles = moles x Avogadro’s number.
What is the formula to calculate molarity?
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution.
What is the definition of stoichiometry?
The study of quantitative relationships in chemical reactions.
What is the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?
The reactant that is completely consumed and limits the amount of product that can be formed.
What is the excess reactant in a chemical reaction?
The reactant that is not completely consumed and is left over after the reaction is complete.
