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geo121 > Chapter 7-Atmosperic Pressure and Precipitation > Flashcards

Chapter 7-Atmosperic Pressure and Precipitation Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the Earth’s water is in the oceans?

A

97.2%

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2
Q

How much of Earth’s water is non oceanic?

A

2.8%

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3
Q

How much of Earth’s water is fresh?

A

0.02%

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4
Q

What does the hydrologic cycle consist of?

A

Evaporation, Precipitation, Infiltration

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5
Q

Where does phase change occur in the hydrologic cycle?

A

Evaporation

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6
Q

What is latent heat?

A

Energy released or absorbed during phase changes.

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7
Q

What are the 6 phase changes?

A

Condensation, Evaporation, Freezing, Melting, Sublimation, Deposition

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8
Q

Is latent heat required for all of the phase changes?

A

Yes

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9
Q

When is latent heat released?

A

Deposition, Condensation, Freezing

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10
Q

When is latent heat absorbed?

A

Sublimation, Vaporization, Melting

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11
Q

Why might orange growers spray their fruits with water before temperatures dip below freezing?

A

It preserves the state of the crop on the inside.

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12
Q

When releasing latent heat does the environment cool or warm?

A

Warms

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13
Q

When absorbing latent heat does the environment cool or warm?

A

Cools

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14
Q

What is humidity?

A

How much water vapor is in the air

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15
Q

What is maximum humidity?

A

The maximum amount of water vapor a definable parcel of air can hold

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16
Q

What is the relationship between maximum humidity and air temperature?

A

Maximum humidity depends on air temperature.

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17
Q

What is saturation?

A

Point where air cannot hold anymore moisture

18
Q

What happens when saturation is met?

A

Condensation occurs

19
Q

Can warmer or colder air hold more water vapor?

A

Warmer air

20
Q

What is specific humidity?

A

How much water vapor is actually in the air (measurable amount)

21
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

The ratio between the
specific humidity and the maximum humidity for a definable parcel of air

22
Q

How does relative humidity change throughout the day if specific humidity is held constant?

A

Relative humidity will decrease

23
Q

What is a Sling psychrometer?

A

Way to measure how much cooling there is due to evaporation

24
Q

What is dew point temperature?

A

The temperature when condensation occurs

25
Q

What is Evapotranspiration?

A

Evaporation and transpiration combined

26
Q

What 3 factors influence evaporation rates?

A

Net radiation, Air temperature, relative humidity

27
Q

What are adiabatic processes?

A

Changes in temperature that occur
due to variations in air pressure

28
Q

When does adiabatic cooling happen?

A

Lifting

29
Q

When does adiabatic warming happen?

A

Sinking

30
Q

What is unstable air?

A

A body of air that has a relatively high environmental lapse rate compared to uplifting air within it, strong convection can occur

31
Q

What is stable air?

A

A body of air that has a relatively low environmental
lapse rate compared to potential uplifting air, strong convection cannot occur

32
Q

What are the 2 requirements for clouds to form?

A

Saturated air, condensation nuclei

33
Q

Examples of condensation nuclei?

A

Dust, dirt, ash, smoke, ice, sea salt

34
Q

What is cloud seeding?

A

Supplying condensation
nuclei into the atmosphere to promote condensation

35
Q

How do we name clouds?

A

Based on height and shape

36
Q

What “word” do we include to indicate that a cloud is associated with rain?

A

Nimbo

37
Q

What is radiation fog?

A

air temperature cools at night as surface loses heat

38
Q

What is advection fog?

A

air is blown over colder
surface and cools

39
Q

What are the 4 uplift types?

A

Convectional, orographic, frontal, convergent

40
Q

How can droughts form?

A

Atypical weather patterns, persistent wind, influence of ocean currents

41
Q

What are the 4 types of winter precipitation?

A

Snow, sleet, freezing rain, rain

geo121 (6 decks)

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