Chapter 12-Earth's Internal Structure

Question 1

What are Earth’s main layers?

Answer 1

Crust, mantle, outer and inner crust

Question 2

Where is the crust in relation to the other layers?

Answer 2

Top

Question 3

How does the crust interact with the asthenosphere?

Answer 3

Floats on top of it while pushing it down

Question 4

What is continental crust?

Answer 4

Thick but not dense

Question 5

What is oceanic crust?

Answer 5

Thin but dense

Question 6

Approximately how much of Earth’s mass is comprised of crustal
material?

Answer 6

0.4%

Question 7

Where is the mantle in relation to the other layers?

Answer 7

Second highest layer

Question 8

Approximately how much of Earth’s volume is comprised of the mantle?

Answer 8

84%

Question 9

Where is the outer core in relation to the other layers?

Answer 9

Third highest layer, under mantle

Question 10

Where is the outer core in relation to the other layers?

Answer 10

Liquid

Question 11

Where is the outer core in relation to the other layers?

Answer 11

Lowest

Question 12

How is the inner core similar to the outer core?

Answer 12

Same temperature and composition

Question 13

What elements are most common in Earth’s crust?

Answer 13

Oxygen and silicon

Question 14

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 14

Liquid rock cooled and solidified

Question 15

What is the difference between lava and magma?

Answer 15

Magam is in crust, lava is on top of it

Question 16

What are 2 characteristics used to classify igneous rocks?

Answer 16

Mineral composition and texture

Question 17

What are extrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 17

Cooled above the surface

Question 18

What are some characteristics of
extrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 18

Cools quickly; little time for crystal formation

Question 19

What are intrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 19

cooled below the
surface (in the crust)

Question 20

What are some characteristics of
intrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 20

May cool more slowly; more time for crystals to grow in liquid magma before solidifying

Question 21

How does cooling time impact texture?

Answer 21

Crystals are bigger the slower they cool

Question 22

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 22

deposition and lithification of small
fragments or dissolved substances from
other rocks or, in some cases, marine
animals.

Question 23

What are the 3 major types of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 23

Limestone, sandstone, shale

Question 24

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 24

Existed rocks that are
modified by heat and
pressure

Question 25

What is contact metamorphism?

Answer 25

rock contacts magma and is rearranged

Question 26

What is the most recent era, period, and epoch?

Answer 26

Cenozoic, Quatemary, Holocene

Question 27

Where does much of our rock record fall on the geologic timescale?

Answer 27

Paleozoic

Question 28

Other than radiometric dating, how else can we know how old certain rocks are?

Answer 28

Looking at landforms

Question 29

What is “the Anthropocene”?

Answer 29

A new epoch in the
geological timescale based on the
recognition that humans are now the
foremost agent of change on the
Earth’s surface