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geo121 > Chapter 13-Tectonic Processes and Landforms > Flashcards

Chapter 13-Tectonic Processes and Landforms Flashcards

1
Q

What are some ways of knowing that continents were at some point in a different position than they are now?

A

Similar geologic features on coasts of different continents

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2
Q

What is the name of the most recent supercontinent?

A

Pangea

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3
Q

What are passive margins?

A

relatively stable
areas

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4
Q

What plate boundary destroys rock?

A

Convergent

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5
Q

What plate boundary creates rock?

A

Divergent

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6
Q

What are the 3 kinds of convergent plate boundaries?

A

Oceanic-continental, Oceanic-oceanic, continetal-continental

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7
Q

What is an oceanic-continental boundary?

A

Sinking oceanic plate, forms ocean trench and mountains, earthquakes occur here

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8
Q

What is an oceanic-oceanic boundary?

A

Undersea trench formation, deep and shallow earthquakes

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9
Q

What is a continental-continental boundary?

A

No subduction, builds mountain ranges, volcanoes are rare, shallow earthquakes

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10
Q

Is rock created or destroyed at a transform boundary?

A

Neither

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11
Q

Are P-waves fast?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Are S-Waves fast?

A

No

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13
Q

How do we calculate earthquake epicenters?

A

Seismograph

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14
Q

What are fault scarps?

A

steep cliffs that represent the edge of a vertically displaced block

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15
Q

If lithosphere breaks but doesn’t have displacement, is it a fault?

A

No

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16
Q

What are the 4 kinds of faults?

A

Normal, reverse, overthrust, strike-slip

17
Q

What is a strike-slip fault?

A

dominated by
horizontal movement

18
Q

What is a normal fault?

A

hanging wall moves downward
relative to footwall

19
Q

What is a dip-slip fault?

A

dominated by
vertical movement

20
Q

What is a reverse fault?

A

hanging wall moves
upward relative to the footwall (compression)

21
Q

What is an overthrust fault?

A

shallow reverse
fault

22
Q

What are some ways in which volcano types differ?

A

Shape and size

23
Q

How does silica content influence whether a volcano will be explosive or fluid?

A

More silica the more explosive

24
Q

What are cinder cone volcanoes? How big are they, relatively?

A

Small, steep sided

25
Q

What are composite volcanoes? How big are they, relatively?

A

Large, steep-sided

26
Q

What are pyroclastic materials?

A

rock fragments
exploded out of volcano

27
Q

What is a lava dome?

A

steep sided, bulge of lava that solidifies before it flows far from
source

28
Q

What is a shield volcano?

A

Huge, shallow slope

29
Q

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?

A

Plate boundaries around Pacific Rim that are subduction zones

30
Q

What are mantle plumes?

A

Localized hot areas not
associated with plate boundaries

31
Q
A

geo121 (6 decks)

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