chapter 7 animal nutrition

Question 1

what is a balanced diet

Answer 1

a diet that contains the correct proportions of nutrients that the body needs to function correctly (eg. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins)

Question 2

which general group of people require the most calories in their diet

Answer 2

adolescent males with active lifestyles

Question 3

why do pregnant/breastfeeding women need a larger caloric intake

Answer 3

they need more energy to support the development of the child

the diet needs to be balanced as well to provide the correct nutrients

Question 4

what is constipation caused by

Answer 4

a lack of dietary fibre

Question 5

what is starvation

Answer 5

suffering or death caused by not eating enough food

Question 6

what is constipation

Answer 6

infrequent bowel movements causing difficulty passing faeces

Question 7

what is scurvy caused by

Answer 7

a lack of vit C

Question 8

What contributes to differentiating energy requirement

Answer 8

Activity levels
Age
Pregnancy
Lifestyle
Climate
Metabolic rate
Health/medical conditions

Question 9

From the mouth the food passes through the pharynx (back of throat) and then where?

Answer 9

Down the oesophagus

Question 10

What is peristalsis?

Answer 10

Waves of muscular contraction followed by relaxation that pushes food down the oesophagus and down into the stomach. It occurs along the entire length of the digestive system

Question 11

How is the oesophagus adapted to suit its function as a passage way?

Answer 11

Muscular

Mucus is produced from goblet cells to reduce friction

Question 12

Describe three main events that take place in the stomach

Answer 12

HCL is produced. This gives the correct ph for the enzyme pepsin to work. Acid also kills any ingested bacteria
Mechanical digestion by peristaltic movements
Chemical digestion. Pepsin realised from stomach lining and breaks large protein molecules down to amino acids

Question 13

Where is bile produced and stored

Answer 13

Produced by liver, stored by gall bladder

Question 14

Why do we need bile

Answer 14

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies lipids

Question 15

From the stomach the food enters a region of the small intestine called the

Answer 15

Duodenum

Question 16

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 16

The whole digestive system.

Question 17

What happens in the duodenum

Answer 17

Pancreatic juices from the pancreas neutralises stomach acid and more enzymes are added.

Question 18

What is the other part of the small intestine called?

Answer 18

The ileum

Question 19

What happens in the ileum

Answer 19

Small molecules (final products of digestion) e.g glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol, vitamins and minerals are absorbed.

Question 20

How is the ileum adapted to its absorption role?

Answer 20

The whole surface is folded and covered with villi

Question 21

What passes into the large intestine?

Answer 21

Digestion is finished by this point and the waste material consists of fibre and water and some dead or living bacteria