chapter 7 Flashcards
when has a system reached equilibrium?
when no further changes have occurred, all concentrations remain constant
what is dynamic equilibrium?
rate of forward reaction is equal to rate of backwards reaction and macroscopic properties are equal
when is equilibrium reached?
rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
what is a closed system?
no exchange of matter with the surroundings
what is le chateliers principle?
if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change, the position of equilibrium will shift in order to minimise the effect of the change
what happens to equilibrium in a heat reaction?
equilibrium is shifted in the endothermic direction
what happens to equilibrium in a cool reaction?
equilibrium is shifted in the exothermic direction
what is the equilibrium law?
describes how the equilibrium constant (Kc) can be determined for a particular chemical reaction
what does the magnitude of the equilibrium constant indicates
the extent of a reaction at equilibrium and is temperature dependent
what does the reactant quotient measure?
the relative amount of products and reactants present during a reaction at a particular point in time
does a catalyst have an effect on the position of equilibrium?
no, it only reduces the time taken to reach equilibrium
what is the effect of concentration on equilibrium?
if the concentration of one of the species in an equilibrium mixture is increased the equilibrium shifts to the opposite side to reduce concentration
what is the effect of pressure on equilibrium?
an increase in pressure results in the position of equilibrium shifting in the direction that gives a decrease in the number of gas molecules
what is Kc?
constant for a particular reaction at a particular temperature
what does Kc provide?
provides information about how far a reaction proceeds at a particular temperature
