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IB chemistry HL > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is heat?

A

a form of energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to do something at a lower temperature

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2
Q

what is temperature?

A

a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles

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3
Q

what is initial energy?

A

total amount of energy in a sample of a substance

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4
Q

what is a system?

A

chemical reaction

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5
Q

what is a surrounding?

A

everything else in the universe

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6
Q

what is an exothermic reaction?

A

heat energy is transferred from a system to the surrounding (surroundings get hotter)

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7
Q

what is an endothermic reaction?

A

a system takes in heat energy from the surroundings (the surroundings get cooler)

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8
Q

what is enthalpy change?

A

the heat energy exchanged with the surroundings at constant pressure

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9
Q

what is stability?

A

relative energies of a reactant and products in a chemical reaction

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10
Q

what is conserved in chemical reactions?

A

total energy

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11
Q

what are the units of enthalpy change?

A

kJ mol-1

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12
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

the energy required to raise the temperature of 1Kg of substance by 1K

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13
Q

what is the equation to calculate amount of heat given out?

A

q = mcΔT

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14
Q

what does infinite dilution mean?

A

and further dilution of the solution produces no further enthalpy change

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15
Q

what is hess’s law?

A

the enthalpy change accompanying a chemical reaction is independent of the pathway between initial and final states

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16
Q

what is standard enthalpy change of formation?

A

the enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements in their standard states under standard conditions

17
Q

what is the enthalpy change of a reaction?

A

The enthalpy change for a reaction that is carried out in a series of steps is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps

18
Q

what is bond enthalpy?

A

enthalpy change when one mole of covalent bonds, in a gaseous molecule, is broken under standard conditions

19
Q

when are bond enthalpies used

A

reactions occurring in the gaseous states

20
Q

what is average bond enthalpy?

A

energy needed to break one mol of a bond in a gaseous molecule averaged over similar compounds

IB chemistry HL (7 decks)

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