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Fabric Analysis > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define nonwoven fabric

A

A textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking of fibres

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2
Q

When was the first nonwoven introduced?

A

1942

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3
Q

What happened in the 60’s

A

technology expanded and a variety of nonwovens were being made

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4
Q

List the 3 materials of nonwovens

A
  1. fibres/foams (polyester, rayon, olefin)
  2. specialty chemicals (to provide length)
  3. supporting agents (controls flexibility, texture)
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5
Q

Durable vs Disposable non wovens

A

durable- reusable

disposable- single or limited use

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6
Q

How are nonwovens manufactured?

A
  1. Fibres are the basuc units
  2. Arranged in webs
  3. Bonded
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7
Q

What are the 3 methods to bonding?

A
  1. Drylaid/Airlaid (staple fibres)
  2. Wetlaid (Wet state, low cost, limited durability, staple fibres)
  3. Spunlaid
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8
Q

Staple vs carded

A 
Staple= short= arrangement mess
Carded= long= oriented arrangement
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9
Q

What are spunlaced nonwovens

A

formed by the entanglement of staple fibres

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10
Q

What are spunbonded nonwovens

A

made from continuous extrusion of filaments into a web (spunlaid)

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11
Q

What are melt blown nonwovens

A

produced in a similar process to spunbonded

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12
Q

Characteristics of nonwovens help to decide which bonding agent to use. Name some characteristics

A
  • strength
  • elasticity
  • flame resistance
  • hydrophobic/phillic
    etc. .
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13
Q

What is a needle punch nonwoven?

A

used for making carpets, made from entangling staple fibres with needles and hooks vibrating up and down piercing the web of fibres.

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14
Q

What are fusible nonwovens?

A

made from thermoplastic fibres and films and used more widely in clothing
ex. garment lining

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15
Q

What are hybrid products?

A

When two or more types of nonwovens are combined

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16
Q

list the common types of hybrid products

A
  • nonwovens with other nonwovens
  • nonwovens with film
  • nonwovens with foam
  • nonwovens with extrusion coating
  • needle punched nonwovens with melt-blown nonwovens
17
Q

T or F

Felt has no yarn, so it doesn’t ravel or run

A

T

18
Q

Does Felt have a grain?

A

No- cut however you like!

19
Q

The two basic methods of bonding/laminating materials

A
  1. Wet-adhesive bonding

2. Foam flame bonding

20
Q

Define Laminated material

A

layered fabric where a face fabric is joined to a sheet material

21
Q

What is quilted material?

A

used for insulation and retaining heat. Mostly made by sewing an insulating filler securing it between fabrics

22
Q

Name the 4 insulation options

A
  1. Polyester fiberfill (most used)
  2. Batting (thin layers)
  3. Polyurethane (makes it stiffer)
  4. Down (luxury)
23
Q

What is stitch bonding?

A

a mechanical bonding system produced at high speeds by stitching or knitting
ex. dishcloth, tablecloth

24
Q

What are lace fabrics?

A

a decorative and complicated design created using intertwining, knotting, and looping techniques
-normally named after the machine it was made on

25
Q

How is lace identified?

A
  • style
  • type
  • weight
  • town
26
Q

Name 3 fabrics that are marketed as lace but not made on a lace machine

A
  1. Raschel
  2. Schiffli
  3. “lace” effect
27
Q

What is embroidery?

A

the art of creating raised designs on woven fabrics, paper, plastic, knitted

28
Q

What does a Schiffli embroidery machine do?

A
  • used to embroider on lightweight fabrics

- used for military emblems

29
Q

What are tufted fabrics?

A

they are another type of pile fabric produced by inserting extra yarn into a woven fabric by using needles to push through the backing
ex. Heavy carpets

30
Q

What is film?

A

a thin sheet of impermeable acrylic, vinyl or polyester used to bond to another fabric for durability

Fabric Analysis (7 decks)

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