Chapter 7 Flashcards
Define nonwoven fabric
A textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking of fibres
When was the first nonwoven introduced?
1942
What happened in the 60’s
technology expanded and a variety of nonwovens were being made
List the 3 materials of nonwovens
- fibres/foams (polyester, rayon, olefin)
- specialty chemicals (to provide length)
- supporting agents (controls flexibility, texture)
Durable vs Disposable non wovens
durable- reusable
disposable- single or limited use
How are nonwovens manufactured?
- Fibres are the basuc units
- Arranged in webs
- Bonded
What are the 3 methods to bonding?
- Drylaid/Airlaid (staple fibres)
- Wetlaid (Wet state, low cost, limited durability, staple fibres)
- Spunlaid
Staple vs carded
Staple= short= arrangement mess Carded= long= oriented arrangement
What are spunlaced nonwovens
formed by the entanglement of staple fibres
What are spunbonded nonwovens
made from continuous extrusion of filaments into a web (spunlaid)
What are melt blown nonwovens
produced in a similar process to spunbonded
Characteristics of nonwovens help to decide which bonding agent to use. Name some characteristics
- strength
- elasticity
- flame resistance
- hydrophobic/phillic
etc. .
What is a needle punch nonwoven?
used for making carpets, made from entangling staple fibres with needles and hooks vibrating up and down piercing the web of fibres.
What are fusible nonwovens?
made from thermoplastic fibres and films and used more widely in clothing
ex. garment lining
What are hybrid products?
When two or more types of nonwovens are combined
list the common types of hybrid products
- nonwovens with other nonwovens
- nonwovens with film
- nonwovens with foam
- nonwovens with extrusion coating
- needle punched nonwovens with melt-blown nonwovens
T or F
Felt has no yarn, so it doesn’t ravel or run
T
Does Felt have a grain?
No- cut however you like!
The two basic methods of bonding/laminating materials
- Wet-adhesive bonding
2. Foam flame bonding
Define Laminated material
layered fabric where a face fabric is joined to a sheet material
What is quilted material?
used for insulation and retaining heat. Mostly made by sewing an insulating filler securing it between fabrics
Name the 4 insulation options
- Polyester fiberfill (most used)
- Batting (thin layers)
- Polyurethane (makes it stiffer)
- Down (luxury)
What is stitch bonding?
a mechanical bonding system produced at high speeds by stitching or knitting
ex. dishcloth, tablecloth
What are lace fabrics?
a decorative and complicated design created using intertwining, knotting, and looping techniques
-normally named after the machine it was made on
