Chapter 10

Question 1

What are the two main types of finishes?

Answer 1

Aesthetic & Functional

Question 2

What are the 4 classifications of finishes?

Answer 2

Permanent
Durable
Semi-Durable
Temporary

Question 3

What is the pre-treatment process like? (6)

Answer 3

consists of 
cleaning 
scouring 
desizing 
carbonizing 
singeing 
bleaching

Question 4

What finishes use microcapsules?

Answer 4

.

Question 5

what are thermoplastic fibres?

Answer 5

manmade fibres that can be melted and reshaped

ie. acrylics, polys, nylons

Question 6

What does mercerization consist of?

permanent finish

Answer 6

consists of treating the material under tension with cold sodium hydroxide solution.
this is considered one of the most important finishes for cotton, it gives luster, hand and drape. Also increases the strength and improves dye affinity.

Question 7

what are the subcategories of shrinkage control?

Answer 7

relaxation shrinkage- occurs when fibres and yarns are under tension

progressive shrinkage- occurs each time a fabric is is laundered

residual shrinkage- small amount of shrinkage that occurs after its been preshrunk

Question 8

what is glaze chintz

Answer 8

high sheen of polished cotton and chintz

-fabrics first treated with resins or starches

Question 9

what is fulling?

Answer 9

• fulling is a permanent finish for wool fabrics
• it is a process of controlled laundering to induce progressive felting shrinkage
• The resulting fabric is smoother and more compact

Question 10

what is an antimicrobial/bacterial finish and what does it do?

Answer 10

has chemical agents that inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi
(important for items that have contact with skin ie. underwear

Question 11

define napping

Answer 11

a mechanical finish of woven/knitted fabrics where it is passed against rotating wire covered brushes.
The outcome provides better insulation and a softer hand.
- subject to pilling

Question 12

define bleaching

Answer 12

a finish that is a result of exposure to sunlight or a chemical process

Question 13

what is a UV finish and what does it do?

Answer 13

this finish offers protection to one’s skin where chemicals absorb UV rays and coat the fabric surface

Question 14

what are water repellents

Answer 14

a chemical finish that uses waxes and emulsions that resists the penetration of fabric, but permits the passage of moisture.

Question 15

what is used as stain repellent

Answer 15

fluorocarbons

Question 16

what is simple calendering?

temp

Answer 16

a high speed, pressure pressing of fabric to flatter it

results in enhanced luster and a softer fabric

Question 17

what is anti soiling

Answer 17

a chemical finish that permit easy removal of soil and dirt

durable finish, applied at the same time as resins

Question 18

what is an embossed finish?

Answer 18

a cheaper way of producing jacquard, the product is a 3D design on the fabric as a result of a roller engraving the design.

Question 19

What are water repellents categorized as?

Answer 19

durable

non-durable (low cost)

Question 20

T or F

embossed thermoplastic fibres are permanent

Answer 20

True

due to the heated metal roll heat sets