Components of the skeletal system?
- Bone
- Cartilages
- Joints
- Ligaments
Functions of the skeletal system?
- Support body tissues
- Protect organs
- Move the body
- Store minerals and growth hormones
- Make blood cells
Two Major divisions of the skeletal system?
- Axial
- Appendicular
Components of the axial skeletal system?
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Bony thorax
Two subdivisions of the skull
- Cranial
- Facial
Function of the Cranium
- Protect the brain
- Muscle Attachment
Function of the facial bones
- Provides framework for face
- Houses sensory organs
- Muscle attachment
- Secures teeth
- Provides passages for nerves and vessels
Different anatomical features of the cranium?
- Vault (calvaria)
- Floor (Base)
List the cranial bones which are paired and which are not?
-Paired
–Temporal
–Parietal
NOT PAIRED
-Frontal
-Occipital
-Sphenoid
-Ethmoid
Keystone bone of the cranium?
Sphenoid
How are the cranial bones articulated?
By sutures except the mandible
The mandible is a synovial joint and articules with the temporal bone
Frontal
Anterior portion of cranium -Squama -Glabella -Sinus -Zygomatic process -Supraorbital margin -subraorbital foramen/notch -Orbital plate Forms anterior cranial fossa
Parietal
-Forms supralateral part of cranium and all four major sutures.
Temporal
-Inferolateral aspect Four parts (regions): -Sqaumous -Petrous -Mastoid -Tympanic Markings -Zygomatic process -Mandibular fossa -Mastoid process -Stolid Process -Internal and external acoustic (auditory) meatuses - Carotid canal Forms jugular foramen with occipital bone and foramen lacerum with the sphenoid bone. -Forms middle cranial fossa
Occipital Bone
Posterior Aspect
- Occipital condyles
- Superior and inferior nuchal lines
- External occipital protuberance
- Foramen magnum
- Hypoglossal canals
- Forms posterior cranial fossa
Ethmoid
Located between orbits
- Crista galli
- Cribriform plate with olfactory foramina
- Sinuses
- Orbital plate
- Perpendicular plate
- middle and superior nasal conchae
Sphenoid
"Keystone" Wedge shaped -Forms floor of cranium -Greater and lesser wings -Pterygoid processes -Sella turcica with hypophyseal fossa -sinuses -Body -Foramen rotundum, ovale, and spinosum -Optic canals also forms superior orbital fissures
Cavities of the skull and what the contain
- Cranial (Brain)
- Orbit (Eye)
- Middle ear (Ossicles for hearing)
- Nasal (Sensory for smell)
- Oral (tongue and sensory for taste, teeth)
Name the sutures of the cranium and which bones articulate to form them
Coronal - Frontal with parietals
Lambdoid - Occipital with parietals
Squamous(squamosal) - Temporal with parietal
Sagittal - Parietals together
Facial Bones. Which are pair? which are not?
Pair -Zygomatic -Palatine -Nasal -Lacrimal -maxillae -inferior nasal conchae Non Paired -Vomer -Mandible
Keystone for facial bones
Maxillae
How are each of the facial bones articulared together
By sutures except for the mandible
Mandible
Markings
Body Ramus Condyle Coronoid process Notch angle Alveolar process Mandibular foramen mental foramen
Maxillae
Zygomatic Frontal and palatine processes Infraorbital foramen alveolar process Sinuses -Forms the inferior orbital fissures
