Chapter 6 Flashcards
Can you describe the structure and characteristics of skeletal cartilage?
Resilient
-Shock-absorbing
-Avascular
-Not innervated
Surrounded by a dense irregular CT covering called the perichondrium, which is vascular and resists outward expansion
-Cartilage also contains chondrocyte cells surrounded by lacuna
List the three types of skeletal cartilage, their functions and give examples of where in the body each is found?
Hyaline - named based on the location of the cartilage in the bod; resporatory, articular, nasal and costal. resilient has a ‘glassy” matrix due to very thin fibers in its matrix
Elastic - only two places in the body - outer ear and epiglottis. Flexiable due to increased elasti fibers in the matrix
Fibrocartilage - excellenet for resisting compression and absorbing shock. found in three places in the body - menisic of the knee, intervertebral disks and public symphysis. wavy collagen fibers and chondrocytes found in rows
Name the four subcategories of hyaline cartilage and where they are found in the body?`
Nasal - flexible portion of outer nose
Respiratory - Trachea and larynx
Costal - Rib cage - attaches ribs to sternum,
Articular - joints (found at the ends of long bones)
What are the two main location classifications of the bones in the body? What is the general function of the bones in these two categories?
Axial - Along the axis of the body (Skull, vertebral column and rib cage) These bones protect organs, support body tissue and allow the appendages to attach.
Appendicular - Bones of the limbs and their girdles. These bones are responsible for locomotion and manipulation of the environment
LIst four shapes in which bones are classified and give an example for each?
Long - the bone is longer than it is wide and has a cylindrical shape (Humerus, Femur, Radius, Tibia)
Short - roughly cube-shaped. (carpals and tarsals of the wrist and ankles, respectively)
Flat - these bones may be longer than wide, but are flattened, not cylindrical ( cranial bones and the sternum)
Irregular - Bones have a complicated shape and do not fit the previous categories (Vertebrae)
List and describe the five functions of bones?
Support - provides a framework for the rest of the body’s tissues
Protect - Encloses vital organs such as the brain, heart and lungs
Movement - Works with the muscular system for locomotion and manipulation of the environment
Mineral and growth factor storage - Stores calcium and phosphates and some hormones for when the body may need them
Blood cell formation - hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of bones
Tuberosity (marking)
Medium rougheden bump - Attachment
Crest (marking)
ridge of a bone - attachment
trochanter (marking)
Large roughened bump - attachment
Line (marking)
Thin narrow ridge - Attachment
Tubercle (marking)
Small roughened bump - Attachment
Epicondyle (marking)
Roughened bump above a condlye - Attachment
Spine (marking)
Narrow ridge
Process (marking)
any bony projection of a bone that doesnt fit any of the above - Attachment
Head (marking)
Bony expansion sitting on a narrow neck - Joint
Facet (marking)
nearly flat surface - Joint
