Chapter 7+8 Flashcards
Adaptation
A developed characteristic that enhances an organisms survival in its natural environment
Analogous Structures
features of an organism that that have the same function but not the same structure
convergent evolution
a process whereby unrelated organisms evolve similar adaptation in response to their environments
evolution
the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioural traits
speciation
the evolution of one or more new species from an ancestral species
Adaptive Radiation
a process where a lineage of organism rapidly diversifies into many different forms taxa with different adaptations; it can be triggered by many factors such as change to available resources, or other new challenges. type of divergent evolution
allopatric speciation
speciation that occurs as a result of physical or geographical barrier
artificial selection
the breeding of pants and animals to obtain desired traits
bottleneck effect
a type of gene flow where a catastrophic event or period of adverse conditions drastically reduces the size of a population and its genetic diversity. CHEETAH
deletion mutation
a mutation in which nucleotide pairs have been lost from a segment of DNA
Founder effect
a type of gene flow that occurs when a few individuals that have become isolated from a larger population do not carry all the alleles that were presented in the original population. AMISH
frameshift mutation
a mutation that dislocates the transitional reading frame
gene flow
the transfer of alleles that result from emigration and immigration between populations
gene pool
the range of genes and all their alleles present in a population
genetic drift
a change in the gene pool of a populations as a result of chance
homologous structures
structures between organism which have similar anatomy but different purpose
insertion mutation
a nucleotide sequence been added
missense mutation
a gene mutation that results in one amino acid being replaced by another amino acid in the encoded protein
natural selection
the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characters in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated
neutral mutation
a mutation that has no effect on an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction
non sense mutation
a mutation in which a codon for an amino acid is changed to one that codes for a stop codon, terminating translation
selection pressures
factors that influence the survival of an individual within a population
single nucleotide polymorphism
a nucleotide difference that occurs at a given position in the genomes of two or more individuals
substitution mutation
a mutation in which a single nucleotide is swapped for another in the original gene sequence
