Chapter: 7, 8, 11

Question 1

What bones does the pectoral girdle encompass?

Answer 1

• S-shaped clavicle/ collarbone
• Scapula/ shoulder blade

Question 2

How does the clavicle connect with the pectoral girdle?

Answer 2

• The clavicle articulates with the sternum’s manubruim; is the only direct connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle

Question 3

How does the scapula connect with the pectoral girdle?

Answer 3

The scapula is attached to the clavicle anteriorly but has no connection to the actual axial skeleton; instead skeletal muscles and ligaments support it.

Question 4

What is the only bone that attaches to the arm?

Answer 4

The clavicle

Question 5

What kind of bone is the clavicle?

Answer 5

A long bone

Question 6

How do you identify position of the clavicle you are holding?

Answer 6

• Rounded end of the clavicle comes to sternum
• Flat end faces the outside of the body
• Roughness on the bone is on the bottom
• Smoothness on the bone is on the top
• The bone sticks out anteriorly and curves back posteriorly

Question 7

What is a fossa?

Answer 7

Where muscle attaches

Question 8

What do ligaments do?

Answer 8

Connects bone to bone

Question 9

Muscles associated with the pectoral girdle and upper limbs can be divided into four groups:

Answer 9

• Muscles that position the pectoral girdle***
• Muscles that move the arm***
• Muscles that move the forearm and hand
• Muscles that move the hand and fingers

Question 10

The movements involving trapezius positioning the pectoral girdle

Answer 10

• elevation and depression
• Retract upwards (trap pulls on scapula to rotate)

Question 11

The movements involving rhomboideus positioning the pectoral girdle

Answer 11

• Adduction
• Downward/ medial rotation

Question 12

The movements involving lever scapulae positioning the pectoral girdle

Answer 12

• Elevates scapula

Question 13

The posterior muscles that position the pectoral girdle

Answer 13

• Trapezius
• Rhomboideus
• lever scapulae

Question 14

The anterior muscles that position the pectoral girdle

Answer 14

• Pectoralis Minor
• Serratus anterior
• Subclavious

Question 15

The movements involving the pectorals minor positioning the pectoral girdle

Answer 15

• Depression
• Protraction
• Downwards rotation

Question 16

The movements involving the serratus anterior in positioning the pectoral girdle

Answer 16

• Protraction
• Upward rotation

Question 17

The movements involving the subclavious in positioning the pectoral girdle

Answer 17

• Pulls forward
• Depression

Question 18

Origin of levator scapulae

Answer 18

Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae

Question 19

Insertion of the levator scapulae

Question 20

Action of the levator scapulae

Answer 20

Elevates scapula

Question 21

Innervation of the scapula

Answer 21

Cervical nerves
Cy-C, and dorsal scapular nerve (Cs)

Question 22

Origin of pectoralis minor

Answer 22

Anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5 or 2-4 and the fascia covering the associated external intercostal muscles

Question 23

Insertion of pectoralis minor

Answer 23

Coracoid process of scapula

Question 24

Action of the pectoralis minor

Answer 24

Depresses and protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly (downward rotation); elevates ribs if scapula is stationary

Question 25

Innervation of pectoralis minor

Answer 25

Medial pectoral nerve (G,, T,)

Question 26

Origin of the rhomboid major

Answer 26

Ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of vertebrae T2 to T5

Question 27

Insertion of the rhomboid major

Answer 27

Vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

Question 28

Action of the rhomboid major

Answer 28

Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula

Question 29

Innervation of the rhomboid major

Answer 29

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Question 30

Origin of the rhomboid minor

Answer 30

Spinous processes of vertebrae C2 - T1

Question 31

Insertion of the rhomboid minor

Answer 31

Vertebral border of scapula

Question 32

Action of the rhomboid minor

Answer 32

Adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula

Question 33

Innervation of the rhomboid minor

Answer 33

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Question 34

Origin of serratus anterior

Answer 34

Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8, 1-9, or 1-10

Question 35

Insertion of serratus anterior

Answer 35

Anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

Question 36

Action of the serratus anterior

Answer 36

Protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly (upward rotation)

Question 37

Innervation of the serratus anterior

Answer 37

Long thoracic nerve (C5 - C7)

Question 38

Origin of the subclavius

Answer 38

First rib

Question 39

Insertion of the subclavius

Answer 39

Clavicle (inferior border of middle 1/3)

Question 40

Action of the subclavius

Answer 40

Depresses and protracts shoulder

Question 41

Innervation of the subclavius

Answer 41

Nerve to subclavius (C5 - C6)

Question 42

Origin of the trapezius

Answer 42

Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Question 43

Insertion of the trapezius

Answer 43

Clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)

Question 44

Action of the trapezius

Answer 44

Depends on active region and state of other muscles; may elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or clavicle; can also extend neck when the position of the shoulder is fixed

Question 45

Innervation of the trapezius

Answer 45

Accessory nerve (XI)