Chapter 7 Flashcards
is required for cell growth.
begins with reading of the genetic “master code”in the cell’s DNA.
influences all cell structures and functions.
Protein synthesis:
In the dna molecule, a system with three base pairs are called
codon
Transcription can best be described as the:
synthesis of any RNA molecule.
The site of transcription is within the nucleus,
whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
True or false
True
. A DNA molecule is characterized by
double-helix shape
obligatory base pairing
phosphate groups.
characteristic of RNA
It is single-stranded.
It contains uracil, not thymine.
The obligatory base pairs are adenine-uracil and
guanine-cytosine.
Nucleic acids are synthesized directly on the DNA molecule with the help of:
enzymes
Process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides
transcription
The type of RNA that carries information in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid
mRNA
The type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a base pair–specific amino acid
tRNA
The process involving the movement of mRNA with respect to the ribosome
Translation
Uracil-adenine
complementary base pair
The site of translation
Ribosome
The correct order of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
The total of 46 chromosomes per cell is referred to as:
Diploid
type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells
meiosis
Splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two during cell reproduction is called:
cytokinesis
Cell reproduction is sometimes referred to as the:
M phase
Atrophy refers to a decrease in cell size.
True
Genetic disorders are mutations in a cell’s generic code
True
Cell death due to injury or a pathologic
condition is known as necrosis.
True
A blood disease caused by the production of abnormal hemoglobin is known as sickle cell anemia.
True
Mrs. McWilliam’s home pregnancy test indicated that she was pregnant. She made an appointment with her doctor to confirm the results. While she was there, she inquired about ordering genetic testing while she was pregnant. What information might these tests reveal?
Genes are responsible for all of our healthy attributes or conditions such as sex, hair color, and eyes. Genetic disorders are pathological conditions caused by mistakes, or mutations, in a cell’s genetic code. Abnormal genes often cause a specific disease that can be identified just weeks after conception and can many times be treated prior to delivery.
Dan broke his arm playing high school football and had to wear a cast for 6 weeks. When the doctor finally removed his cast, he was shocked to see that his arm had shrunk remarkably. His shock and disappointment were visible to the doctor. What should the doctor tell him about his arm?
When a broken arm is immobilized in a cast for a long period, muscles that move the arm often atrophy. Because the muscles are temporarily out of use, muscle cells decrease in size. Dan’s arm will return to normal as he begins to use his arm more and returns to the level of exercise that he had prior to the fracture.
The genetic code for a particular protein is passed from DNA to mRNA by a process known as
Transcription
If a strand of DNA has a base sequence of AGGC, the complementary pair for that strand will be:
TCCG
The spindle fibers attach to each chromatid during which stage of mitosis?
metaphase
During which stage of mitosis does the cleavage furrow begin to develop?
Anaphase
The phase of mitosis known as the completion phase is
Telephase
The phase of mitosis known as the apart phase is
Anaphase
The position-changing phase of mitosis is
Metaphase
When a cell is not experiencing mitosis
Inerphase
When a cell begins to divide, it is said to be in the before phase
Prophase
All of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the
Genome
If the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid were AUCGA, which of the following statements would be true?
It is a strand of RNA. d. It will remain in the nucleus of the cell.
Translation can be inhibited or prevented by a process called:
Rna interference
The DNA molecular structure allows only two combinations of bases to occur. This is known as
Obligatory base pairing
The complete set of proteins synthesized by a cell is called the _______________ of the cell.
Proteome
The shape of a DNA molecule is referred to as a
Double helix
is the type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells
Metosis
Mature sex cells are called
Gametes
