Chapter 6 Flashcards
What includes passive transport process?
dialysis
osmosis
filtration
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeant solute is referred to as:
osmosis
The trapping of bacteria by specialized white blood cells is an example of:
phagocytosis
A hypertonic solution is one that contains:
a greater concentration of solute than the cell.
The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as:
hydrostatic pressure.
Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically expensive process.
T/F
False
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport process.
T/F
True
Cellular secretion can be achieved by exocytosis.
T/F
True
Solutes are particles dissolved in a solvent.
T/F
True
Osmosis is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles.
T/F
False
solution that draws water from a cell
hypertonic
two fluids that have the same potential osmotic press
Isotonic
solution that causes cells to swell
Hypotonic
passive transport
diffusion
active transport
endocytosis
Enzymes that cause essential chemical reactions to occur are called:
Catalysts
Molecules that are acted upon by enzymes are known as:
substrates
In naming enzymes, the root name of the substance whose chemical reaction is catalyzed is followed by the suffix:
ase
Most enzymes:
- are specific in their action.
- can alter their function by changing the shape of
the molecule - are synthesized as inactive proenzymes.
Which of the following activates enzymes by means of an allosteric effect?
kinases
Enzymes are:
Proteins
The three processes that compose cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system.
T/F
True
The portion of an enzyme molecule that chemically “fits” the substrate molecule(s) is referred to as the active site.
T/F
True
The “lock and key” model is used to describe how DNA base pairs align.
T/F
False
Protein anabolism is a major cellular activity.
T/F
True
The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle.
T/F
True
Glycolysis is aerobic.
T/F
False
- It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
- It is anaerobic.
- Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvic acid. .
True statements about glycolysis
The Krebs cycle takes place in the
Mitochondria
The third step in cellular respiration is:
electron transport system.
Nurse Bricker was instructed to dissolve a pill in a small amount of liquid medication. As she dropped the capsule into the liquid, she was interrupted by the telephone. On her return to the medication cart, she found the medication completely dissolved and apparently scattered evenly throughout the liquid. This phenomenon did not surprise her because she was aware from her knowledge of cell transport that ___________________ had created this distribution.
Diffusion
Bobbi ran in the Boston marathon. During the race, she lost a lot of fluids through perspiration and became dehydrated. Would you expect her cells to shrink, swell, or remain the same?
Shrink
The energy required for active transport processes is obtained from:
ATP
Movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is:
Passive transportation
Osmosis is the __________ of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Diffusion
A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called:
an allosteric effector
Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that begins with glucose and ends with:
pyruvic acid.
Which movement always occurs down a hydrostatic pressure gradient?
filtration
The “uphill” movement of a substance through a living cell membrane is:
active transport.
Membrane pumps are an example of which type of movement?
active transport
An example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is the:
white blood cell.
A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than living red blood cells would be:
hypertonic
protein “tunnels”
Membrane tunnels
phagocytosis
endocytosis
enzyme
Pepsin
enzymes that add or remove carbon dioxide .
carboxylases
“cell drinking”
pinocytosis
type of membrane channel
aquaporins .
facilitated diffusion
carrier-mediated passive transport
glycolysis
first stage of cellular respiration
molecule able to diffuse across a particular membrane
Permeate
