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Oral Pathology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia

A

“New growth”

Cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation, resulting in a mass of abnormal cells

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2
Q

Tumor

A

Swelling /enlargement of tissues

Synonym for “neoplasia”

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3
Q

Oncology

A

Study of tumors or neoplasms
Oncogenic virus : causes cancer
Other causes : chemicals (carcinogens), radiation, genetics,unknown

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4
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor (cancer) of epithelium

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5
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor (cancer) of CT or NON-epithelial tissues

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6
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White, plaque like lesion in oral mucosa, unknown cause, cannot be wiped away, hyperkeratosis,
10% may be malignant or pre malignant

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7
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Red lesion
MORE serious that a white lesion
Less common in oral cavity than leukoplakia (60 white : 1 red)

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8
Q

Metaplasia

A

Change in cells from normal to abnormal

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9
Q

Anaplasia

A

Change in cells to an immature or undifferentiated state
Characteristic of malignant cancerous tumors
Ex. White blood cells that no longer do their job of fighting infection, they’ve digressed into undifferentiated cells. Characteristic sign of leukemia

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10
Q

Dysplasia

A

Disordered growth

Alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult cells

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11
Q

Epithelial dysplasia

A

Dysplasia of epithelium

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12
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

MOST severe epithelial dysplasia involving the full thickness of epithelium (low metastasis since epithelium has no blood vessels)
NO invasion of underlying CT (basement membrane)

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13
Q

Benign tumors

A 
Localized
Encapsulated (well circumscribed)
Slower growing
Rare or no mitotic figures
Well differentiated / resemble normal cells
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14
Q

Malignant tumors (cancer)

A

Invades/spreads (metastasis)
Diffuse borders
Rapid growth
Mitotic figures (dividing cells in process of mitosis)
Poorly to well differentiated, changed cells
No “Contact inhibition” (normal cells stop dividing once they hit other cells, malignant cells don’t stop dividing even when hitting other cells)

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15
Q

Epithelial tumors

A

Papilloma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Verrucous carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Salivary gland tumors

A

Adenoma (pleomorphic adenoma)

Adenocarcinoma (adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma)

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17
Q

Odontogenic tumors

A

Ameloblastoma
Cementoblastoma
Odontoma (compound/complex)

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18
Q

Soft tissue tumors

A 
Lipoma
Neurofibroma 
Schwannoma
Granular cell tumor
Congenital epulis 
Rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyocarcoma
Leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma
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19
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Most common cancer of the oral cavity
Aka - Epidermoid carcinoma
Most commonly found on the posterior lateral borders of tongue and floor of the mouth

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20
Q

Vascular tumors

A

Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Kaposis sarcoma

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21
Q

Melonatic tumors

A 
Melanocytic nevus (nevi -plural)
Malignant melanoma
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22
Q

Bone and cartilage tumors

A 
Torus
Exostosis
Osteoma
Osteosarcoma
Chondroma
Chondrosarcoma
23
Q

Blood and blood-forming tissue tumors

A

Leukemia
Lymphoma
Multiple myeloma

24
Q

Papilloma

A

Epithelial tumor- best prognosis
Benign tumor of squamous epithelium
Finger like projections, looks like cauliflower
Keratotic
Excision for treatment - one pudgy had but cured with homeopath

25
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Epidermoid carcinoma epithelial tumor
Most common malignancy of oral cavity
Clinically looks like ulcerative mass, white, red, bleeding
Invades through basement membrane and into CT
May have keratin pearls
RISK factors: tobacco, sun, alcohol, HPV
Prono sis depends on metastitis of tumor

26
Q

Verrucous carcinoma

A

Less invasive, slower growing cancer that does not cross the basement membrane
Epithelial tumor
Pebbly red white kerotic surface
Does not usually metastisize

27
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Malignant skin tumor of epithelium, associated with sun exposure, not found in oral cavity
Non healing ulcer on skin with rolled borders
Prognosis is better than squamous cell carcinoma, locally invasive, rarely metastisizes
Surgical excision

28
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A

Salivary gland tumor
Benign salivary gland tumor
Most common salivary gland tumor
Contains both epithelial and CT (mixed tumor)
Common sites: parotid (extraorally) and palate (intraorally)
Slow growing, painless, dome shaped

29
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumors of salivary glands
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Parotid gland and palate
Slowly enlarging mass, may be painful
Prognosis : good/fair if no metastisis, poor if metastisis (spread to lymph nodes)

30
Q

Ameloblastoma

A

Odontogenic tumor
Benign slow growing but locally invasive odontogenic tumor
Most common (80%) in mandible (molar/ramus)
Expansion of bone, slow developing, asymptomatic, swelling
Causes extensive damage because of its invasion
Multilocular soap bubble radiolucency
Surgical excision but frequent recurrence

31
Q

Periapical cemento-osseous

A

Bone lesion of unknown cause usually in anterior mandible, 30 year and over black women.
Asymptomatic
Composed of calcifications (may resemble bone, cementum or both) and fibrous tissue making it fibro-osseous
Well circumscribed and radiolucent, mimicking periapical inflam
Early lesions are mostly fibrous, later are more calcified

32
Q

Pagents disease

A

AKA - Osteitis deformans or Leontiasis ossea
Chronic metabolism bone disease - resorption, osteoblastic repair, and demineralization.
Involves pelvis, spinal column, maxilla causing enlargement of bone and pain. Can cause spacing of teeth because of extra bone growth and hypercementosis
Men over 50 w virus cause suspected
Patchy radiolucent and radiopacent, “cotton wool appearance”
Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels, mosaic bone, obliterated PDL, no lamina dura, fractures and tumors may occur

33
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Develops over a long period of time because of calcium deficiency
Delayed tooth eruption and perio disease
Pathological fractures and changes in bone trabeculation
Related to Rickets in children
Vitamin D deficiency
May be induced by tumors, malabsorption, drugs, liver/kidney disease, chronic use of antacids

34
Q

Cementoblastoma

A

Odontogenic tumor
Benign, painful cementum producing lesion fused to tooth root
Week defined, radiopaque mass contiguous w tooth root
Obliterate tooth root and cause bone expansion
Trxt: removal (enulceation) of tumor and tooth

35
Q

Odontoma

A

MOST COMMON odontogenic tumor
Benign tumor composed of enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp
Mostly young adults
COMPOUND- cluster of many small teeth sourrounded by radiolucent halo
COMPLEX- radiopaque mass of tooth tissue but not tooth, sourrounded by radiolucent halo

36
Q

Lipoma

A

Soft tissue tumor
Benign tumor of fat cells
Yellow mass covered by thin epithelium, delicate pattern of blood vessels on the surface of fat

37
Q

Neurofibroma/Schwannoma (neurolemmoma)

A

Benign soft tissue tumor derived from nerve tissue
From Schwann cells (CT surrounding nerves)
TONGUE is most common site
Associated with Von Recklinghausen disease with cafe au late spots

38
Q

Granular cell tumor

A

Soft tissue benign tumor composed of large cells w granular cytoplasm
Tongue is most common introral site

39
Q

Congenital epulis

A

Soft tissue benign tumor aka congenital epulis of newborn
Usually sessile or pedunculated mass on gingiva
Most common on anterior maxillary gingiva of girls

40
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Benign tumor of striated muscle, tongue is most common site

41
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

MALIGNANT tumor of striated muscle
Most common malignant soft tissue tumor of H&N in kids
Very aggressive tumor with poor prognosis

42
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor of smooth muscle

43
Q

Leiomysarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of smooth muscle

44
Q

Hemangioma

A 
Vascular tumors
Benign proliferation of capillaries
Common developmental abnormality lesion 
Birthmark, but mat shrink or enlarge over time
Injection of sclerosing solution to fix
45
Q

Lymphangioma

A

Benign vascular tumor composed of lymphatic vessels, present at birth
Tongue is most common intraoral site, may lead to macroglossia

46
Q

Kaposis sarcoma

A

Malignant vascular tumor
Aggressive form in HIV patients
Purplish tumor of hard palate and gingiva most common
Human herpes 8

47
Q

Melanocytic nevus (nevi plural)

A

BENIGN melanotic tumor of melanocytes
Intraoral nevi are tan brown purple papules macules
Most common on hard palate, then buccal mucosa

48
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Malignant tumor of melanocytes- all melanomas are malignant
On skin from sun exposure
Rare in oral cavity but may metastisize from skin to oral cavity
Rapidly enlarging to blueish black mass
Palate and maxillary palate
Very aggressive, poor prognosis

49
Q

Torus

A

Bone and cartilage tumors

Benign, normal

50
Q

Osteoma

A

Benign, tumor of mature bone, asymptomatic
Slow growing, sharply defined, radiopaque area
Bone expansion
Associated with Gardner syndrome
Surgical excision

51
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of bone forming tissue
Most common primary malignant tumor of bone under 40 yr old
Diffuse painful swelling
Parasthesia of lip
Variable radiographic appearance, sunburst pattern
Poor prognosis

52
Q

Chondroma

A

Cartilage tumor. Benign

53
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant cartilage tumor

Chemotherapy/radiation is not effective

Oral Pathology (5 decks)

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