Chapter 7 Flashcards
Is a conscious and purposeful aspect of a counseling relationship and includes affective or bonding elements such as liking, respect, and trust along with a collaborative spirit btw the counselor and client
Working alliance
Is a conceptual device used to represent the way in which most individuals enter the counseling relationship?
Johari window
Reality and what people think they are right and that what they perceive is the way the world is
Perception
Mean seeing things in only one way or from one perspective or being fixated on the idea that this particular situation or attribute is the issue
Functional fixity
Goals are refined or altered using cognitive, behavioral, or cognitive-behavioral strategies such as?
Redefining the problem, altering behavior in certain situations, perceiving the problem in a more manageable way
A technique that offers the client another probable and positive viewpoint or perspective on a situation
Reframing
Changing client perceptions requires a high degree of persuasive skill and some direction from the counselor
Leading
Sometimes referred to as minimal encourages such as hmmm, yes, or I hear you? They are best to use bc they are low risk
Minimal leads
Such as confrontation, are more challenging and should be employed only after a solid relationship has been established
Maximal leads
Term that focuses on clients feelings?
Affective responses
Term that focuses on actions?
Behavioral responses
Term focusing on thought?
Cognitive responses
Basic type of empathy?
Primary empathy
Second level of empathy?
Advanced empathy
Both levels is achieved when counselors see clients worlds from the client’s view and are able to communicate this understanding back
Accurate empathy
When it is accurate, involves communicating a basic understanding of what the client is feeling and the experienced and behaviors underlying these feelings.
Primary empathy
Two factors that make empathy possible are?
Realizing that an infinite number of feelings does not exist
Having a personal security so that you can let yourself go into the world of this other person and still know that you can return to your own world
When it is accurate, reflects not only what clients state overtly but also what they imply or state incompletely
Advanced empathy
Empathy involves what three elements?
Perceptiveness, know-how, and assertiveness
What is a scale that measure the here levels of empathy?
Empathic Understanding in Interpersonal Process
What are the 5 levels that either adds to or subtracts from the meaning and feeling tone of a client’s statement?
- The verbal and behavioral expressions of the counselor either do not attend to or detract significantly from the verbal and behavioral expressions of the client
- Although the counselor responds to he expressed feelings of the client, he or she does so in a way that subtracts noticeable affect from the communications of the client
- The expressions of the counselor in response to the expressions of the client are essentially interchangeable
- The responses of the counselor add noticeably to the expressions of the client in a way that expresses feelings a level deeper than before
- the counselors responses adds feelings and means of the expressions of the client in a way that accurately expresses feeling levels below what client is able to express
Is a conscious, intentional technique in which clinicians share information about their lives outside the counseling relationship
Self-disclosure
What two principal functions does self-disclosure serves?
Modeling and developing a new perspective
Counselor self-disclosure should be:
- Should be brief and focused
- Should not add to the client’s problems
- Should not be used frequently
May take the form of refusing to discuss issues, changing the subject, being silent, and talking excessively
Hesitancy
Involves a counselors and a client’s understanding and communicating at the moment what is going on btw them in the helping relationship, particularly feelings, impressions, and expectations
Immediacy
What are the three kinds of immediacy?
Overall relationship,
Immediacy that focuses on some particular event in a session,
Self-involving statements
Is the feeling that something desirable, such as the achievement of a goal, is possible?
Hope
Involves giving an incongruent or unexpected response to a question or situation to the amusement of those involved?
Humor
What challenges a client to examine, modify, or control an aspect of behavior that is currently nonexistent or improperly used
Confrontation
Avoiding confrontation of the client’s behavior is known as what?
MUM effect
Getting a client to practice a designated behavior?
Rehearsal
What type of rehearsal requires the client to verbalize or act out what he or she is going to do?
Overt rehearsal
Type of rehearsal that is imagining it reflecting on the desired goal?
Covert rehearsal
Is the client’s projection of past or present feelings, attitudes, or desires onto the counselor?
Transference
Refers to the counselors projected emotional reaction to or behavior toward the client
Counter transference
Two major approaches to the problem of conceptualizing countertransference?
Classic and total approach
When countertransference is seen negatively and viewed as the direct or indirect unconscious reaction of the counselor to the client
Classic approach
Sees countertransference as more positive?
Total approach
