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Introduction To Counseling > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Who founded the Psychoanalysis or Psychodynamic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

In what theory did Sigmund Freud say that people have a conscious mind, a pre conscious mind, and an unconscious mind?

A

Psychoanalysis

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3
Q

Attuned to an awareness of the outside world

A

Conscious mind

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4
Q

Contains hidden memories or forgotten experiences that can be remembered

A

Pre conscious mind

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5
Q

Containing the instinctual, repressed, and powerful forces?

A

Unconscious mind

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6
Q

Who said and in what theory consists of the three parts such as Id, Ego, and Superego

A

Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis theory

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7
Q

Comprised of amoral basic instincts, which operates according to the pleasure principle

A

Id

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8
Q

The conscious, decision-making executive of the mind, which operates according to the reality principle

A

Ego

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9
Q

The conscience of the mind that contains the values of parental figures and that operates according to the moral principle

A

Superego

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10
Q

What two are confined to the unconscious?

A

Id and superego

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11
Q

What operates primarily in the conscious but also in the preconscious and unconscious

A

Ego

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12
Q

Psychoanalysis is also built on what Freud referred to as psychosexual development stages which are?

A

Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency, and genital stage

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13
Q

Where the mouth is the chief pleasure zone and basic gratification is from sucking and biting?

A

Oral stage

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14
Q

Where delight is in either withholding or eliminating feces

A

Anal stage

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15
Q

Where the chief zone of pleasure is the sex organs, and members of both sexes must work through their sexual desires

A

Phallic stage

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16
Q

Where energy is focused on peer activities and personal mastery of cognitive learning and physical skills

A

Latency

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17
Q

Each gender takes more interest in the other and normal heterosexual patterns of interaction appear

A

Genital stage

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18
Q

What is the role of the counselor in the Psychoanalytic theory?

A

They function as experts, encourage their clients to talk about whatever comes to mind, especially childhood experiences, to create an atmosphere in which the client feels free to express difficult thoughts and let client’s gain insight by reliving and working through the unresolved past experiences that come into focus during sessions.

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19
Q

Helping clients to become more aware of the unconscious aspects of his or her personality and to work through current reactions that may be dysfunctional, helping a client work through development stage not previously resolved, and helping clients cope with the demands of the society are the goals of what theory?

A

Psychoanalytic theory

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20
Q

What theory techniques are most often applied within a specific setting, such as a counselors office or a hospitals interview room

A

Psychoanalytic theory

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21
Q

What are the techniques of the Psychoanalytic theory?

A 
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Analysis of Transference 
Analysis of Resistance 
Interpretation
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22
Q

In which technique do the client abandons the normal of censoring thoughts by consciously repressing them and instead says whatever comes to mind if it’s silly?

A

Free Association

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23
Q

Freud said this technique was a main avenue to understanding the unconscious and were an attempt to fulfill a childhood wish or express unacknowledged sexual desires. Contains manifest content (obvious meaning) and latent content (hidden but true meaning)

A

Dream Analysis

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24
Q

Encourage transference and interprets the positive or negative feelings expressed

A

Analysis of Transference

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25
Q

When clients make progress while undergoing psychoanalysis and then slow down or stop. May miss appointments, be late for appointments, not paying fees, persisting in transference, blocking thoughts during free association or refusing to recall dreams

A

Analysis of Resistance

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26
Q

Encompasses explanations and analysis of the client’s thoughts, feelings, and actions

A

Interpretation

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27
Q

What theory focuses on social interests as well as the purposefulness of behavior and the importance of developing a healthy style of life

A

Adlerian theory

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28
Q

Who was the founder of the Adlerian approach to counseling?

A

Alfred Adler

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29
Q

Adlerian counseling is also known as what that emphasize the holistic and indivisible nature of people?

A

Individual Psychology

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30
Q

Adler viewed that people are primarily motivated by what? Which is a feeling of being connected to society as a part of the social whole, an active interest in and empathy with others, as well as a need and willingness to contribute to the general social good

A

Social interest

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31
Q

Whose theory holds that conscious aspects of behavior, rather than the unconscious, are central to the development of personality

A

Adler’s theory

32
Q

One of Adlerian views is that people strive to become successful which is called?

A

Striving for perfection or completeness

33
Q

Another one of Adler’s views is a tendency for each person initially to feel inferior to others which is called?

A

Inferiority complex

34
Q

Another one of Adler’s views for when a person overcompensated for feelings of inferiority? Which is also described as a neurotic fiction that is unproductive

A

Superiority complex

35
Q

Is it true or false that Adler believed that people are as influenced by future goals as by past causes and places considerably emphasis on birth order?

A

True

36
Q

What are the five ordinal positions that are emphasized in Adlerian literature on the family constellation?

A 
First borns 
Second borns 
Middle children 
Youngest children 
Only children
37
Q

The role of the counselor functions primarily as diagnosticians, teachers, and models in the equalitarian relationships and try to assess why clients are oriented to a certain way of thinking and behaving is which theory?

A

Adlerian theory

38
Q

Which theory has goals that revolve around helping people develop healthy, holistic lifestyles and educating clients about what such lifestyles are as well as helping them overcome feelings or inferiority

A

Adlerian theory

39
Q

Adlerian uses what specific techniques to foster behavioral change

A 
Confrontation 
Asking the question 
Encouragement 
Acting as if 
Spitting in the client's soup
Catching oneself 
Task setting 
Push button
40
Q

When counselor challenges clients to consider their own private logic. They often realize they cash change their behavior

A

Confrontation

41
Q

When the counselor asks a question during ti initial interview?

A

Asking the question

42
Q

When counselors help their clients feel good about themselves and others and is a key to making productive lifestyle choices in learning and living

A

Encouragement

43
Q

Acting as the person they see in their dreams?

A

Acting as if

44
Q

When the counselor points out certain behaviors to clients and thus ruins the payoff for the behavior

A

Spitting in the client’s soup

45
Q

Client’s learning to become aware of self-destructive behaviors or thoughts

A

Catching oneself

46
Q

Client’s initially set short range, attainable goals and eventually work up to long term, realistic objectives

A

Task-setting

47
Q

Client’s are encouraged I realize they have choices about what stimuli in their lives they pay attention to

A

Push button

48
Q

Who is the person most identified with person-centered counseling?

A

Carl Rogers

49
Q

As a descriptor of counseling, focuses on the potential of individuals to actively choose and purposefully decide about matters related to themselves and their environments

A

Humanistic

50
Q

According to who, self-actualization is the most prevalent and motivating drive of existence and encompasses actions that influence the total person

A

Carl Rogers

51
Q

Who views the individual from a phenomenological perspective and says that the person’s perception of reality is more important than the event itself?

A

Carl Rogers

52
Q

The concept of self is another idea that what two people share?

A

Rogers and Adler

53
Q

For a healthy self to emerge, a person needs what? Which means love, warmth, care, respect, and acceptance

A

Positive regard

54
Q

A person receives what from parents and others in childhood as well as later in life which traces the person to feel valued only when conforming to others wishes

A

Conditional regard

55
Q

What theory has a role as being a holistic one when he or she sets up and promotes a climate in which the client is free and encouraged to explore all aspects of self?

A

Person-centered counseling

56
Q

In what theory is the counselors job is to work as a facilitator rather than a director and the counselor is the process expert and expert learner

A

Person-centered counseling

57
Q

What theory is for helping a client become a fully functioning person who has no need to apply defense mechanisms to everyday experiences?

A

Person-centered counseling

58
Q

What are the three necessary and sufficient techniques that Rogers believes in?

A

Empathy
Unconditional positive regard
Congruence

59
Q

What is the ability to feel with clients and convey understanding back to them?

A

Empathy

60
Q

What is also known ass acceptance and deep and genuine caring for the client as a person?

A

Unconditional positive regard

61
Q

Is the condition of bring transparent in the therapeutic relationship by giving up roles and facades. Being open and genuine

A

Congruence

62
Q

Who are two of the most influential professionals in the field of existential counseling?

A

Rollo May and Viktor Frankl

63
Q

What is the view of human nature approach of Existential counseling?

A

It disclaims the deterministic view of human nature and emphasizes the freedom that human beings have to choose what to make of the circumstances

64
Q

The free will of choice and the action that goes with it is what theory?

A

Existential counseling

65
Q

According to Frankl, the meaning of life always changes but it never ceases to be and his theory known as what that states that meaning goes beyond self-actualization and exists at three levels?

A

Logo therapy

66
Q

What are the three levels of meanings according to Frankl?

A

Ultimate meanings
Meaning of the moment
Common, day-to-day meaning

67
Q

We can discover life’s meaning in three ways?

A

By doing a deed
By experiencing a value
By suffering

68
Q

What theory has no uniform roles and considers every client to be unique. Counselors are sensitive to all aspects of their clients character such as voice, posture, facial expression, even dress and apparently accidental movements of the body

A

Existential theory

69
Q

What theory has counselors to concentrate on being authentic with their clients and entering into deep and personal relationships with them?

A

Existential theory

70
Q

What theory has a goal to include helping clients realize the importance of meaning, responsibility, awareness, freedom, and potential?

A

Existential theory

71
Q

What theory does not limit the counselor to specific techniques and interventions, using techniques implies manipulating them, and the most effective and powerful technique counselors have is he relationship with the client?

A

Existential theory

72
Q

Who is the founder of the Behavioral Therapy?

A

B.F. Skinner

73
Q

What theory consist of:
A focus on the here and now as opposed to the then and there of behavior
An assumption that all behaviors is learned, whether it is adaptive or maladaptive
A belief that learning can be effective in changing maladaptive behavior
A focus on setting up well-defined therapy goals with their clients
A rejection of the idea that the human personality is composed of traits

A

Behavioral therapy

74
Q

What theory embrace the social-cognitive form of learning stressing that people acquire new knowledge and behavior by observing other people and events without engaging in the behavior themselves and without any direct consequences to themselves which is also called modeling?

A

Behavioral therapy

75
Q

What theory has a role when the client learns, unlearns, or relearns specific ways of behaving and functions as a teacher, consultant, adviser, reinforcer, and facilitator

A

Behavioral therapy

Introduction To Counseling (3 decks)

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