Chapter 10 Flashcards
Who founded the Psychoanalysis or Psychodynamic theory?
Sigmund Freud
In what theory did Sigmund Freud say that people have a conscious mind, a pre conscious mind, and an unconscious mind?
Psychoanalysis
Attuned to an awareness of the outside world
Conscious mind
Contains hidden memories or forgotten experiences that can be remembered
Pre conscious mind
Containing the instinctual, repressed, and powerful forces?
Unconscious mind
Who said and in what theory consists of the three parts such as Id, Ego, and Superego
Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis theory
Comprised of amoral basic instincts, which operates according to the pleasure principle
Id
The conscious, decision-making executive of the mind, which operates according to the reality principle
Ego
The conscience of the mind that contains the values of parental figures and that operates according to the moral principle
Superego
What two are confined to the unconscious?
Id and superego
What operates primarily in the conscious but also in the preconscious and unconscious
Ego
Psychoanalysis is also built on what Freud referred to as psychosexual development stages which are?
Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency, and genital stage
Where the mouth is the chief pleasure zone and basic gratification is from sucking and biting?
Oral stage
Where delight is in either withholding or eliminating feces
Anal stage
Where the chief zone of pleasure is the sex organs, and members of both sexes must work through their sexual desires
Phallic stage
Where energy is focused on peer activities and personal mastery of cognitive learning and physical skills
Latency
Each gender takes more interest in the other and normal heterosexual patterns of interaction appear
Genital stage
What is the role of the counselor in the Psychoanalytic theory?
They function as experts, encourage their clients to talk about whatever comes to mind, especially childhood experiences, to create an atmosphere in which the client feels free to express difficult thoughts and let client’s gain insight by reliving and working through the unresolved past experiences that come into focus during sessions.
Helping clients to become more aware of the unconscious aspects of his or her personality and to work through current reactions that may be dysfunctional, helping a client work through development stage not previously resolved, and helping clients cope with the demands of the society are the goals of what theory?
Psychoanalytic theory
What theory techniques are most often applied within a specific setting, such as a counselors office or a hospitals interview room
Psychoanalytic theory
What are the techniques of the Psychoanalytic theory?
Free Association Dream Analysis Analysis of Transference Analysis of Resistance Interpretation
In which technique do the client abandons the normal of censoring thoughts by consciously repressing them and instead says whatever comes to mind if it’s silly?
Free Association
Freud said this technique was a main avenue to understanding the unconscious and were an attempt to fulfill a childhood wish or express unacknowledged sexual desires. Contains manifest content (obvious meaning) and latent content (hidden but true meaning)
Dream Analysis
Encourage transference and interprets the positive or negative feelings expressed
Analysis of Transference
When clients make progress while undergoing psychoanalysis and then slow down or stop. May miss appointments, be late for appointments, not paying fees, persisting in transference, blocking thoughts during free association or refusing to recall dreams
Analysis of Resistance
Encompasses explanations and analysis of the client’s thoughts, feelings, and actions
Interpretation
What theory focuses on social interests as well as the purposefulness of behavior and the importance of developing a healthy style of life
Adlerian theory
Who was the founder of the Adlerian approach to counseling?
Alfred Adler
Adlerian counseling is also known as what that emphasize the holistic and indivisible nature of people?
Individual Psychology
Adler viewed that people are primarily motivated by what? Which is a feeling of being connected to society as a part of the social whole, an active interest in and empathy with others, as well as a need and willingness to contribute to the general social good
Social interest
Whose theory holds that conscious aspects of behavior, rather than the unconscious, are central to the development of personality
Adler’s theory
One of Adlerian views is that people strive to become successful which is called?
Striving for perfection or completeness
Another one of Adler’s views is a tendency for each person initially to feel inferior to others which is called?
Inferiority complex
Another one of Adler’s views for when a person overcompensated for feelings of inferiority? Which is also described as a neurotic fiction that is unproductive
Superiority complex
Is it true or false that Adler believed that people are as influenced by future goals as by past causes and places considerably emphasis on birth order?
True
What are the five ordinal positions that are emphasized in Adlerian literature on the family constellation?
First borns Second borns Middle children Youngest children Only children
The role of the counselor functions primarily as diagnosticians, teachers, and models in the equalitarian relationships and try to assess why clients are oriented to a certain way of thinking and behaving is which theory?
Adlerian theory
Which theory has goals that revolve around helping people develop healthy, holistic lifestyles and educating clients about what such lifestyles are as well as helping them overcome feelings or inferiority
Adlerian theory
Adlerian uses what specific techniques to foster behavioral change
Confrontation Asking the question Encouragement Acting as if Spitting in the client's soup Catching oneself Task setting Push button
When counselor challenges clients to consider their own private logic. They often realize they cash change their behavior
Confrontation
When the counselor asks a question during ti initial interview?
Asking the question
When counselors help their clients feel good about themselves and others and is a key to making productive lifestyle choices in learning and living
Encouragement
Acting as the person they see in their dreams?
Acting as if
When the counselor points out certain behaviors to clients and thus ruins the payoff for the behavior
Spitting in the client’s soup
Client’s learning to become aware of self-destructive behaviors or thoughts
Catching oneself
Client’s initially set short range, attainable goals and eventually work up to long term, realistic objectives
Task-setting
Client’s are encouraged I realize they have choices about what stimuli in their lives they pay attention to
Push button
Who is the person most identified with person-centered counseling?
Carl Rogers
As a descriptor of counseling, focuses on the potential of individuals to actively choose and purposefully decide about matters related to themselves and their environments
Humanistic
According to who, self-actualization is the most prevalent and motivating drive of existence and encompasses actions that influence the total person
Carl Rogers
Who views the individual from a phenomenological perspective and says that the person’s perception of reality is more important than the event itself?
Carl Rogers
The concept of self is another idea that what two people share?
Rogers and Adler
For a healthy self to emerge, a person needs what? Which means love, warmth, care, respect, and acceptance
Positive regard
A person receives what from parents and others in childhood as well as later in life which traces the person to feel valued only when conforming to others wishes
Conditional regard
What theory has a role as being a holistic one when he or she sets up and promotes a climate in which the client is free and encouraged to explore all aspects of self?
Person-centered counseling
In what theory is the counselors job is to work as a facilitator rather than a director and the counselor is the process expert and expert learner
Person-centered counseling
What theory is for helping a client become a fully functioning person who has no need to apply defense mechanisms to everyday experiences?
Person-centered counseling
What are the three necessary and sufficient techniques that Rogers believes in?
Empathy
Unconditional positive regard
Congruence
What is the ability to feel with clients and convey understanding back to them?
Empathy
What is also known ass acceptance and deep and genuine caring for the client as a person?
Unconditional positive regard
Is the condition of bring transparent in the therapeutic relationship by giving up roles and facades. Being open and genuine
Congruence
Who are two of the most influential professionals in the field of existential counseling?
Rollo May and Viktor Frankl
What is the view of human nature approach of Existential counseling?
It disclaims the deterministic view of human nature and emphasizes the freedom that human beings have to choose what to make of the circumstances
The free will of choice and the action that goes with it is what theory?
Existential counseling
According to Frankl, the meaning of life always changes but it never ceases to be and his theory known as what that states that meaning goes beyond self-actualization and exists at three levels?
Logo therapy
What are the three levels of meanings according to Frankl?
Ultimate meanings
Meaning of the moment
Common, day-to-day meaning
We can discover life’s meaning in three ways?
By doing a deed
By experiencing a value
By suffering
What theory has no uniform roles and considers every client to be unique. Counselors are sensitive to all aspects of their clients character such as voice, posture, facial expression, even dress and apparently accidental movements of the body
Existential theory
What theory has counselors to concentrate on being authentic with their clients and entering into deep and personal relationships with them?
Existential theory
What theory has a goal to include helping clients realize the importance of meaning, responsibility, awareness, freedom, and potential?
Existential theory
What theory does not limit the counselor to specific techniques and interventions, using techniques implies manipulating them, and the most effective and powerful technique counselors have is he relationship with the client?
Existential theory
Who is the founder of the Behavioral Therapy?
B.F. Skinner
What theory consist of:
A focus on the here and now as opposed to the then and there of behavior
An assumption that all behaviors is learned, whether it is adaptive or maladaptive
A belief that learning can be effective in changing maladaptive behavior
A focus on setting up well-defined therapy goals with their clients
A rejection of the idea that the human personality is composed of traits
Behavioral therapy
What theory embrace the social-cognitive form of learning stressing that people acquire new knowledge and behavior by observing other people and events without engaging in the behavior themselves and without any direct consequences to themselves which is also called modeling?
Behavioral therapy
What theory has a role when the client learns, unlearns, or relearns specific ways of behaving and functions as a teacher, consultant, adviser, reinforcer, and facilitator
Behavioral therapy
