Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is the first stage in the process of counseling?
Building a relationship and focusing on engaging clients to explore issues that directly affect them.
What are two struggles that takes place trying to build a relationship with the client?
Battle for structure and Battle for initiative
Which struggle involves issues of administrative control such as scheduling, fees, and participation in sessions?
Battle for structure
Which struggle concerns the motivation for change and client responsibility?
Battle for initiative
What is defined as a joint understanding btw the counselor and client regarding the characteristics, conditions, procedures, and parameters of counseling?
Structure of counseling
What helps clarify the counselor/client relationships and give it direction, protect the rights, roles, and obligations of both counselors and clients and ensure success?
Structure
What is part of building structure that includes time limits, action limits, role limits, and procedural limits?
Practical guidelines
In the practical guidelines, what includes like 50-minute sessions?
Time limits
In the practical guidelines, what is the prevention of destructive behavior?
Action limits
In practical guidelines, what term means what will be expected of each participant?
Role limits
In practical guidelines, what term means which the client is given the responsibility to work on specific goals or needs?
Procedural limits
What are details about the nature of counseling, expectations, responsibilities, methods, and ethics of counseling?
Professional disclosure statements
What can be thought of as the motivation to change?
Initiative
What term means blaming a person when the problem was not entirely his or her fault?
Scapegoating
What can promote counselor empathy as well?
Role-reversal exercise
What type of client who has been referred by a third party and is frequently unmotivated to seek help and wish not to be in counseling?
Reluctant client
Is a person in counseling who is unwilling, unready, or opposed to change? Such individual may actively seek counseling but does not wish to go through the emotional pain, change in perspective, or enhanced awareness that counseling demands
Resistant client
What are the four broad categories of resistance?
Amount of verbalization, content of message, style of communication, and attitude toward counselors and counseling sessions
Counselors can help clients win the battle for initiative and achieve success in counseling in what several ways??
-One is to anticipate the anger, frustration, and defensiveness that some clients display.
-A second way is to show acceptance, patience, and understanding with nonjudgmental attitude
-To use persuasion by using the two techniques such as foot in door, and door in the face
-A fourth way is by confrontation by pointing out to the client exactly what the client is doing, such as being inconsistent.
-By using metaphors to soften resistance or reluctance
-Sixth way is by the use of mattering which is the perception that as human beings we are important and significant to the world around us and to others in our lives.
-Last recommend the use of pragmatic techniques such as silence, questioning, assessing, pretending, and sharing counselors perspective
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What are the eight common architectural characteristics of space and their potential impact
- Accessories (artwork, plants
- Color (bright colors, positive
- Furniture and room design (form and distance)
- Lighting (soft light)
- Smell (pleasant smells)
- Sound (comfortable music)
- Texture (soft floors and walls)
- Thermal conditions (comfortable temperatures from 69 to 80 degrees F)
Who are perceived as healthiest and are responded to more positively than others?
Physically attractive
Is it true or false that the impact of facial expression is greatest and then the impact of tone of voice, and then finally that of the words in a client?
True
What are the five important characteristics that helpers should possess?
Self-awareness, honesty, congruence, ability to communicate, and knowledge.
What are three other characteristics that make counselors initially more influential?
Perceived expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness
What is the degree to which a counselor is perceived as knowledgeable and informed about his or her specialty
Expertness
Is a function of perceived similarity btw a client and counselor as well as physical features?
Attractiveness
Is related to the sincerity and consistency of the counselor?
Trustworthiness
What are the types of first interviews?
Initiated by clients and initiated by counselors
When the initial interview is requested by a client, the counselor is often unsure of the client’s purpose is what?
Initiated by clients
When the first session is requested by the counselor, the counselor should immediately state his or her reason for wanting to see the client is what?
Initiated by counselors
Visual, auditory, written, spoken, and descriptive
Multimodal
What is a question that usually begins with who, what, where, or how such as What do you plan to do about getting a job?
Probe
What is highlighting the last few words of the client such as Driving you crazy??
Accent
What requires a specific and limited response, such as yes or no? It often begins with the word is, do, or are such as Do you enjoy meeting other people?
Closed question
What typically begins with what, how, or could and allows the client more latitude to respond such as How does this affect you?
Open question
Is it true that the major difference between a closed and open question is whether or not the question encourages more client talk?
True
Common counselor responses include?
Restatement, reflection of feeling, summary of feelings, request for clarification, and acknowledgment of nonverbal behavior
What is a simple mirror response to a client that lets the client know the counselor is actively listening
Restatement
What deals with verbal and nonverbal expression?
Reflection of feeling
Is the act of paraphrasing a number of feelings that the client has conveyed?
Summary of feelings
When the counselor says to the client,”I notice that your arms are folded across your chest and you’re looking at the floor.” What is that?
Acknowledgement of nonverbal behavior
Where there is a genuine interest in and accepting of a client
Rapport
What are the two most important micros kills for rapport building are basic?
Attending behavior and client-observation skills
The counselors ability to enter the clients phenomenal world, to experience the client’s world as if it were your own without ever losing the as if
Empathy
What summarizes the five nonverbal skills involved in initial attending?
SOLER
What is SOLER?
S-Squarely face the client O-Open posture toward client L-Lean toward client E-Eye contact R-Relax
What are the four major actions that usually block counselor-client communication?
Advice giving, lecturing, excessive questioning, and story telling.
What is the most controversial of the four major actions?
Advice giving
What is preaching?
Lecturing
What is a common mistake of many counselors when they ask too many questions?
Excessive questioning
Final non helpful behavior that focuses attention on the counselor instead of the client and distracts problem solving?
Story telling
What are the seven specific criteria for judging effective goals in counseling?
- Goals are mutually agreed on by client and counselor
- Goals are specific
- Goals are relevant to self-defeating behavior
- Goals are achievement and success oriented
- Goals are quantifiable and measurable
- Goals are behavioral and observable
- Goals are understandable and can be restated clearly
