Chapter 7

Question 1

What carries a protein-encoding gene’s information

Answer 1

mRNA

Question 2

Type of DNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes

Answer 2

rRNA

Question 3

The 3 steps of translation are:

Answer 3

Translation
Elongation
Termination

Question 4

Step in translation that mRNA joins with a small ribosomal subunit and a tRNA carrying an amino acid

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

Step in translation where tRNA molecules carrying amino acids Bing to subsequent mRNA codons

Answer 5

Elongation

Question 6

Step in translation where the ribosome reaches a STOP codon and a polypeptide breaks free

Answer 6

Termination

Question 7

____ protein help fold the polypeptide

Answer 7

Chaperone

Question 8

_____ must fold correctly after translation

Answer 8

Proteins

Question 9

____ and ____ are DNA sequences that regulate which genes a cell transcribes

Answer 9

Promoters and Enhancers

Question 10

A — mutation may result in an mRNA that encodes the wrong amino acid

Answer 10

Point

Question 11

—- mutation occurs when inserting or deleting nucleotides disrupts the reading frame

Answer 11

Frameshift

Question 12

____ can induce some mutations

Answer 12

Mutagens

Question 13

Problems in ____ can cause mutations if portions of chromosomes are deleted, inverted or moved

Answer 13

Meiosis

Question 14

A …. … Originates in cells that give rise to gametes and therefore appears in every cell of an offspring that inherits the mutation

Answer 14

Germline Mutation

Question 15

A … … Occurs in non-gamete cells

Doesn’t affect offspring

Answer 15

Somatic Mutation

Question 16

___ are ever changing

Answer 16

Mutations

Question 17

Mutations create new ____ (variations of genes)

Answer 17

Alleles

Question 18

Everyone has a different combination of ____ for the 25,000+ genes in the human genome

Answer 18

Alleles

Question 19

What does Translation require?

Answer 19

mRNA
tRNA
Ribosomes