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Cjus 340 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three criteria that klockars (1995) describes that can be used to determine whether or not force is excessive ?

A
  1. Criminal law, which states that an officers use of force shall not constitute a crime.
  2. Civil liability : which relates to the idea that an officers use of force shall not cause injury to an individual to the point that the courts would award payment to the person or his or her heirs.
  3. Fear of scandal: where the nature of the officers behavior would result in embarrassment to the department.
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2
Q

According to McEwen (1996) what is the difference between excessive force and excessive use of force?

A

Excessive force: is present when an officer applies too much force in a specific situation.

Excessive use of Force: is officers legally apply force in too many incidents.

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3
Q

Two types of Excessive Force that Fyfe (1995) defined

A
  1. Extralegal Violence or Brutality: Occurs when officers willfully and wrongfully use force that exceeds the boundaries of their authority.
  2. Unnecessary Force: Is force used by well intentioned officers who are unable to handle a situation and resort to force too quickly or needlessly.
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4
Q

Explain the Fleeing Felon Doctrine

A

Allows police officers to use deadly force against any fleeing felon and required that police weigh the dangerousness of shooting a suspect and his or her from with the probability of immediate or future harm caused by the suspect if he or she escaped.

  • Started With Edward Garners death*
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5
Q

What have studies found regarding the impact of Tennessee VS Garner (1985) on police Use of deadly force ?

A

Page 316

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6
Q

Approximately what percent of the population age 16 or older has a face to face contact with the police each year ?

A

16.9% according to national survey in 2008

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7
Q

About how many of these contacts resulted in a threat or use of force by the police ?

A

About 1.4% in traffic stops

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8
Q

What is the percentage of citizens who felt that the force used against them was excessive ?

A

74.3%

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9
Q

What are the demographic characteristics of residents who had contacts with the police in which force was used ?

A

74% of persons felt the threat or use of force by police was excessive force

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10
Q

What are the demographic Characteristics of citizens killed by the police ?

A

B

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11
Q

Are police killings of African Americans increasing or decreasing ?

A

Decreasing

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12
Q

Which officer characteristics have been found to be related to use of force ?

A

V

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13
Q

Terrill and Paoline (2013) found WHAT percent of police departments used a use of force continuum?

A

80%

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14
Q

Which use of force policy area is most frequently addressed by police department policies, which is least frequently addressed?

A

B

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15
Q

Tennessee vs Garner

A

.

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16
Q

4 difference , According to White(2000), how is police officers off duty use of force different from on duty ?

A
  1. Off duty use of force generally occurs when the officer is out of uniform and does not have radio contact.
  2. Off duty officers tend to become involved in incidents that in duty officers would not ( e.g., personal disputes, victims of crime).
  3. When an off duty shooting occurs, it more likely to violate departmental policies for on duty use of force and state statutes.
  4. Off duty officers are more likely to use deadly force when they are under the influence of alcohol .
17
Q

What is OC spray? What are its effects and when are police authorized to use it ?

A

Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray AKA pepper spray

  • contains derivatives of cayenne pepper; eyes burn and swell shit, nasal passages drain, bronchial passages constrict, and breathing becomes more difficult.

Can be used when suspect is not being passive

18
Q

What are impact munitions?

A

Include rubber or wooden bullets and small beanbags that are fired from 12 gauge shotguns or 37 mm gas launchers.

Often used in riots and confrontation crowds… Also dealing with mentally and emotionally disturbed citizens.

19
Q

What are CEDs? What are the effects?

A

Conducted Energy Devices(CED)…. Known as Tasers or StunGuns

  • shaped like a handgun
  • delivers an instantly incapacitating 50,000 V shock to its target .
  • designed to interfere with body’s neuromuscular system
20
Q

What two modes can CED can be operated ?

A
  1. Projectile Device

2. Barbed Darts

21
Q

Projectile Device

A

Are designed to travel a distance of up to 21 feet

22
Q

Barb Darts

A

Attach to clothing or skin of the target, and the coils deliver high voltage, low amperage 5s electric shocks

23
Q

According To Amnesty international (2012) since 2001, in how many deaths have medical examiners listed the taser as the cause or contributing cause of death ?

A

Atleast 500 people

24
Q

What concerns have been raised about police use of CEDs through research and reports?

A

Concerned on who they are using against for example schoolchildren , unarmed mentally disturbed or intoxicated individuals.

  • people question as to whether these devices have actually reduced police use of force or merely allow police to use force on non serious situations.
25
Q

How many officers were feloniously killed in the line of duty between 2001-2010? Are Felonious killings of police officers increasing or decreasing ? Why?

A

Between 2001-2010 , 541 police officers were feloniously killed in line of duty .

Highest # of 70 being killed in 2001
Lowest # of 41 officers being killed in 2008

Since the 1970s has shown a substantial decline (decreasing) in officers feloniously killed

26
Q

Approximately what percent of police officers are assaulted in the line of duty in a given year ?

A

60%

27
Q

What are the most and least frequent circumstances under which officers were assaulted ?

A

Find

28
Q

What explanations have been proposed for the decline in officer death and injuries?

A

Find

29
Q

What was the rate at which officers were killed in 2009? (I.e. 1/?)

A

Find

30
Q

What are the consequences of the overemphasis on the dangers of police work ?

A
  1. Misperception results in an increased level of public support.

Cjus 340 (4 decks)

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