Chapter 7 Flashcards
(39 cards)
cognition :
the activity of knowing and the process through knowledge is acquired
clinical method:
an unstandardized interviewing procedure by Piaget in which a child’s response to each successive question determines what the investigator will ask next
scheme
organized pattern of action or thought used to deal with experiences
organization :
In Piaget’s theory, a person’s inborn tendency to combine and integrate available schemes into more coherent or complex systems of knowledge; grouping or classifying stimuli into meaningful clusters
adaptation :
In Piaget’s theory, a person’s inborn tendency to adjust to the demands of the environment, consisting processes of assimilation and accommodation
assimilation :
Piaget’s term for the process by which children interpret new experiences in terms of their existing schemata
equilibration :
In Piaget’s theory, the process of seeking a state of mental stability in which our thoughts (schemes) are consistent with the information we receive from the external world
primary circular reaction :
During Piaget’s sensorimotor period, the infant’s repetition of interacting acts centered on his or her own body
secondary circular reaction :
During Piaget’s sensorimotor period, the infant’s repetition of interesting actions on objects ex. shaking rattle to make noise
coordination of secondary schemes :
During Piaget’s sensorimotor period, the infant’s combining of actions to solve problems, using one scheme as means to an end, as in battling aside a barrier in order to grasp a toy
tertiary circular reaction:
During Piaget’s sensorimotor period, the infants experimenting with actions to find new ways to solve problems or produce interesting effects
object permanence :
the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are no longer visible or otherwise detectable to the senses, fully mastered by the end of infancy
A not B error :
the tendency of 8 to 12 month old infants to search for hidden objects in a place they last found it (A) rather than in its new hiding place (B)
symbolic capacity :
the capacity to use symbols such as words, images, or actions to represent or stand for objects and experiences; representational thought
imaginary companions :
a play companion invented by a child in the preoperational stage who has developed the capacity for symbolic thought
perceptual salience :
phenomenon in which the most obvious features of an object or situation have disproportionate influence on the perceptions and thought of young children
conservation :
the recognition that certain properties of an object or substance do not change when its appearance is altered in some superficial way
decentration :
the ability to focus on two or more dimensions of a problem at one time
centration :
In Piaget’s theory, the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a problem when two or more aspects are relevant
reversibility :
In Piaget’s theory, the ability to reverse or negate an action mentally performing the opposite action
transformational thought :
In P’s theory, the ability to conceptualize transformations, or processes of change from one state to another, which appears in the state of operations
static thought :
In P’s theory, the thought characteristics of the preoperational period that is fixed on end states rather than on changes that transform one state into another. Contrast to transformational thought
egocentrism :
the tendency to view the world from the person’s own perspective and fail to recognize the others may have different points of view
class inclusion :
the logical understanding that parts or subclasses are included in the whole class and that therefore the whole class is greater than any of its parts
