Chapter 7

Question 1

Poleis

Answer 1

City or city-state often self-governed by its citizens as were the ancient Greek city-states. (plural of polis)

Question 2

Supermajority

Answer 2

A specified majority of voters. in the ratification of the Constitution almost 70% (9 of 130) of the states was required

Question 3

Samuel Adams

Answer 3

1722-1803 Second cousin to John adams, he was a Massachusetts statesman and organizer of the Boston Tea Party. Adams served in the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of the Independence, but was opposed to a strong federal government.

Question 4

Anti-federalists

Answer 4

Political group that was against the ratification of the Constitution

Question 5

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 5

1755-1804 Hamilton served as the first Secretary of the Treasury under Washington and founded the Federalist Party. He also co-wrote The Federalist and championed a strong central government

Question 6

Federalists

Answer 6

A political group the was for the ratification of the Constitution

Question 7

Natural rights

Answer 7

Fundamental rights granted by nature that government can not abrogate and which government is bound to protect

Question 8

Civil rights

Answer 8

Rights defined using narrow, concrete language, full of specific terms and qualifiers

Question 9

The Great Oughts

Answer 9

Natural rights that don’t proclaim an “is” so much as an “ought” about the world the way things “should” be

Question 10

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 10

Laws passed by congress in 1798 to try and stifle the “seditious” writings of French propagandists against the neutrality of the United States with regards to the French and British War

Question 11

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 11

Supreme court case in which judicial review was established

Question 12

Original jurisdiction

Answer 12

The authority of a court to hear certain kinds of cases first instead of waiting for those cases to be tried in a lower court

Question 13

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 13

Congressional act passed in 1789 to form the federal court system and to authorize writs of mandamus

Question 14

Lame Duck

Answer 14

The time between the election of a new political official and when they take office. Refers specifically to the outgoing official’s frequent lack of influence or power during that period

Question 15

Midnight appointments

Answer 15

Judiciary appointments of Federalist judges made by Federalist president john Adams shortly before he left office, in response to the Democratic-Republican victory in the Congress and Presidency.

Question 16

William Marbury

Answer 16

A “Midnight Appointment” by John Adams, Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for delivery of his commission, which was being withheld by order of President Jefferson

Question 17

Writ of mandamus

Answer 17

A court document forcing an action by a certain party

Question 18

Judicial review

Answer 18

Power of the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws.

Question 19

Edmund Randolph

Answer 19

1753-1813 Governor of Virginia and delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Randolph proposed Madison’s Virginia Plan but ultimately refused to sign the constitution inPhiladelphia because it had no bill of rights. later, however he was instrumental in persuading Virginia leadership to ratify it.

Question 20

John Jay

Answer 20

1745-1829 A Founding Father, jay served as a president of the Continental Congress, Co-wrote The Federalist with Hamilton and Madison, and served as the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.

Question 21

The Federalist

Answer 21

Series of essays published in New York newspapers under the pseudonym Publius for the express purpose of gaining support for the ratification of the Constitution. Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.