Chapter 7:4 Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

Protection, framework, Levers, Production of blood cells, storage

Question 2

Long bones

Answer 2

Bones of the extremities (arms and legs)

Question 3

Diaphysis

Answer 3

Long shaft of the bone

Question 4

Epiphysis

Answer 4

Ends of the bone

Question 5

Medullary canal

Answer 5

Cavity in the diaphysis

Question 6

Endosteum

Answer 6

Membrane that lines the medullary canal

Question 7

Red marrow

Answer 7

Produces red blood cells

Question 8

Yellow marrow

Answer 8

Storage for fat cells

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

Tough membrane covering the outside of a bone

Question 10

2 sections of the skeletal system

Answer 10

Axial skeleton (skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone)

Appendicular skeleton (shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle and leg bones)

Question 11

8 cranial bones

Answer 11

1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 ethmoid, 1 sphenoid

Question 12

Fontanels

Answer 12

Softs spots; turns into solid bone at 18 months

Question 13

14 facial bones

Answer 13

1 mandible, 2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal (inner aspects of eyes), 5 nasal, 2 palatine

Question 14

Sutures

Answer 14

Areas where cranial bones have joined together

Question 15

Sinuses

Answer 15

Air spaces in the bones of skull; resonating chambers for the voice

Question 16

Foramina

Answer 16

Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave

Question 17

True ribs

Answer 17

First 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum on front of body

Question 18

False ribs

Answer 18

Next 5 pairs of ribs; first 3 false ribs attach to cartilage of the rib above

Question 19

Floating ribs

Answer 19

Last 2 pairs of ribs; have no attachment on the front of the body

Question 20

Joints

Answer 20

Areas where 2 or more bones join together

Question 21

Ligaments

Answer 21

Connective tissue bands that hold long bones together at joints

Question 22

3 main types of joints

Answer 22

Diarthrosis or synovial- freely movable
Amphiarthrosis- slightly movable e.g.
Synarthrosis- Immovable

Question 23

Bursitis

Answer 23

Inflammation of the small fluid filled sacs surrounding the joints

Question 24

Greenstick fracture

Answer 24

Bone is bent and splits causing incomplete break

Question 25

Simple or closed fracture

Answer 25

Complete break of bone; no damage to skin

Question 26

Compound or open fracture

Answer 26

Bone breaks through skin

Question 27

Impacted fracture

Answer 27

Broken bone ends jam into each other

Question 28

Dislocation

Answer 28

Bone is forcibly displaced from a joint

Question 29

Sprain

Answer 29

Twisting action tears the ligaments at a joint

Question 30

Osteoporosis

Answer 30

Increased softening of the bones; caused by a hormone deficiency, prolonged lack of calcium, and sedentary lifestyle

Question 31

Scoliosis

Answer 31

Lateral curvature of the spine

Question 32

Kyphosis

Answer 32

AKA hunchback, rounded bowing of the back and thoracic area

Question 33

Lordosis

Answer 33

AKA swayback, inward curvature of the lumbar region