Chapter 7:4 Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions of the skeletal system
Protection, framework, Levers, Production of blood cells, storage
Long bones
Bones of the extremities (arms and legs)
Diaphysis
Long shaft of the bone
Epiphysis
Ends of the bone
Medullary canal
Cavity in the diaphysis
Endosteum
Membrane that lines the medullary canal
Red marrow
Produces red blood cells
Yellow marrow
Storage for fat cells
Periosteum
Tough membrane covering the outside of a bone
2 sections of the skeletal system
Axial skeleton (skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone)
Appendicular skeleton (shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle and leg bones)
8 cranial bones
1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 ethmoid, 1 sphenoid
Fontanels
Softs spots; turns into solid bone at 18 months
14 facial bones
1 mandible, 2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal (inner aspects of eyes), 5 nasal, 2 palatine
Sutures
Areas where cranial bones have joined together
Sinuses
Air spaces in the bones of skull; resonating chambers for the voice
Foramina
Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave
True ribs
First 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum on front of body
False ribs
Next 5 pairs of ribs; first 3 false ribs attach to cartilage of the rib above
Floating ribs
Last 2 pairs of ribs; have no attachment on the front of the body
Joints
Areas where 2 or more bones join together
Ligaments
Connective tissue bands that hold long bones together at joints
3 main types of joints
Diarthrosis or synovial- freely movable
Amphiarthrosis- slightly movable e.g.
Synarthrosis- Immovable
Bursitis
Inflammation of the small fluid filled sacs surrounding the joints
Greenstick fracture
Bone is bent and splits causing incomplete break
