Chapter 7 Flashcards
Rehearsal
A memory strategy that involves repetitively naming information that is to be remembered
Memory Strategy
Activities that improve remembering
Organization
A memory strategy in which information to be remembered is structured so that related information is placed together
Elaboration
A memory strategy in which information is embellished to make it more memorable
Metamemory
A person’s informal understanding of memory; includes the ability to diagnose memory problems accurately and to monitor the effectiveness of memory strategies
Metacognitive Knowledge
A person’s knowledge and awareness of cognitive processes
Cognitive Self-Regulation
Skill at identifying goals, selecting effective strategies, and accurate monitoring; a characteristic of successful students
Script
The means by which people remember common events consisting of sequences of activities
Fuzzy Trace Theory
A theory proposed by Brainerd and Reyna in which experience can be stored in memory verbatim or in terms of their basic meaning
Autobiographical Memory
A person’s memory of the significant events and experiences of his or her own life
Infantile Amnesia
The inability to remember events from early in ones life
Encoding Processes
The cognitive processes that transform the information in a problem into a mental representation
Means-End Analysis
A problem-solving heuristic in which people determine the difference between the current and desired situations, then do something to reduce the difference
Heuristics
Rules of thumb that are handy for solving problems but that do not guarantee a solution
Confounded
As applied to the design of experiments, an error in which variables are combined instead of evaluated independently, making the results of the experiment ambiguous
