Chapter 10

Question 0

Social Smiles

Answer 0

Smiles that first appear at about 2 months of age, when infants see another human face

Question 1

Basic Emotions

Answer 1

Emotions that are experienced by people worldwide and that consist of a subjective feeling, a physiological change, and an overt behavior; examples include happiness, anger, and fear

Question 2

Stranger Wariness

Answer 2

An infant’s apparent concern or anxiety in the presence of an unfamiliar adult; typically observed at about 6 months of age

Question 3

Self-Conscious Emotions

Answer 3

Emotions such as pride, guilt, or embarrassment that involve feelings of success when ones standards or expectations are met and feelings of failure when they aren’t; emerge between 18 to 24 months of age

Question 4

Social Referencing

Answer 4

A phenomenon in which infants in an unfamiliar or ambiguous environment look at their mother or father, as if searching for cues to help them interpret the situation

Question 5

Display Rules

Answer 5

Culturally specific standards for appropriate expressions of emotion in a particular setting or with a particular person or persons

Question 6

Temperament

Answer 6

A consistent style or pattern of behavior

Question 7

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 7

The theoretical view that many human behaviors represent successful adaptation to the environment

Question 8

Attachment

Answer 8

The affectionate, reciprocal relationship that is formed at about 6 or 7 months between an infant and his or her primary caregiver, usually the mother

Question 9

Secure Attachment

Answer 9

A relationship in which infants have come to trust and depend on their mothers

Question 10

Avoidant Attachment

Answer 10

A relationship in which infants turn away from their mothers when they are reunited following a brief separation