Chapter 7

Question 0

Combination of Edison’s lightbulb, Goodwin’s celluloid, and Le Prince’s camera. Early movie camera.

Answer 0

Kinetograph

Question 1

Pliable material used to improve film roll, can hold a coating of chemicals sensitive to light.

Answer 1

Celluloid (Hannibal Goodwin).

Question 2

Single-person viewing system.

Answer 2

Kinetoscope

Question 3

Enabled filmstrips of longer lengths to be projected without interruption and hinted at the potential of movies as a future mass medium.

Answer 3

Vitascope

Question 4

Movies that tell stories.

Answer 4

Narrative films

Question 5

A form of movie theater whose name combines the admission price with the Greek word for “theater”.

Answer 5

Nickelodeons

Question 6

Control on all levels of the movie business (production, distribution, exhibition).

Answer 6

Vertical integration

Question 7

A situation in which a few firms control the bulk of the business.

Answer 7

Oligopoly

Question 8

Firmly controlled creative talent in the industry.

Answer 8

Studio system

Question 9

Form of distribution: exhibitors had to agree to rent new or marginal films with no stars. Theater operators were pressured into taking a hundred movies at a time to get the few Pickford titles they wanted.

Answer 9

Block booking (Adolph Zukor). It enabled the new studios to test-market new stars without taking much financial risk.

Question 10

Full-time single-screen movie theaters that provided a more hospitable moviegoing environment.

Answer 10

Movie palaces

Question 11

Big Five

Answer 11

Paramount, MGM, Warner Brothers, Twentieth Century Fox, and RKO

Question 12

Little Three

Answer 12

Columbia, Universal, United Artists

Question 13

Moving pictures with sound.

Answer 13

Talkies

Question 14

“The creative treatment of actuality,” or a genre that interprets reality by recording real people and settings.

Answer 14

Documentary

Question 15

Documentary style: track reality, employing a rough, grainy look and shaky, handheld camera work.

Answer 15

Cinema verite

Question 16

Independently produced films

Answer 16

Indies

Question 17

Hollywood Ten

Answer 17

Aggressive witch-hunts for political radicals in the film industry by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). HUAC made people in the film industry declare their patriotism and give up names of colleagues. (9 screenwriters and 1 director refused).

Question 18

Paramount decision

Answer 18

Got rid of vertical integration for the Big Five by forcing the studios to gradually divest themselves of their theaters.

Question 19

The promotion and sale of a product throughout the various subsidiaries of the media conglomerate.

Answer 19

Synergy

Question 20

Cultural products that become popular and provide shared cultural experiences.

Answer 20

Consensus narratives