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HSC 215 exam 2 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

0
Q

efferent: autonomic

A

acting below level of consciousness

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1
Q

efferent division

A

communication link between CNS and muscles and/or glands

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2
Q

ANS

A

fibers that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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3
Q

ANS helps control the __________, blood pressure, digestion, respiration, blood pH, and other ______ functions

A

heart rate

bodily

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4
Q

ANS controls are done ___________

A

unconsciously/automatically

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5
Q

In the ANS, there are _______ between the CNS and the organ

A

2 neurons

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6
Q

ganglia

A

collection of cells in the PNS (from post)

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7
Q

the postganglionic fiber innervates ______

A

effector organ

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8
Q

the nerve cell bodies for the second nerve are organized into _______

A

ganglia (clusters of neuron cell bodies)

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9
Q

CNS -> preganglionic nerve -> ______ -> postganglionic nerve -> _____

A

ganglion

organ

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10
Q

at each junction ____________ are released and carry the signal to the next nerve or organ

A

neurotransmitters

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11
Q

2 subdivisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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12
Q

sympathetic ANS

A

fight or flight

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13
Q

parasympathetic ANS

A

rest and digest

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14
Q

the sympathetic nerves come from the __________ of the spinal cord

A

thoracolumbar regions

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15
Q

the preganglionc nerves are ____ and synapse in the ______________
(sympathetic ANS)

A

short

sympathetic chain ganglia

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16
Q

sympathetic ANS has _____ pre and ________ post

A

short

long

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17
Q

the _______ is part of the sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenal medulla (like a modified ganglion and postsynaptic nerve)

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18
Q

Parasympathetic nerves come from the _________ of the CNS

A

craniosacral regions

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19
Q

Parasympathetic - they have ______ pre nerves which synapse at ganglia _____________

A

long

near or on the organ innervated

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20
Q

Parasympathetic NS - have ________ pre and _________ post

A

long

short

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21
Q

preganglionic NTs: parasympathetic

A

ACh

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22
Q

preganglionic NTs: sympathetic

A

ACH

23
Q

postganglionic NTs: parasympathetic

A

ACh

24
Q

postganglionic NTs: sympathetic

A

NE or E “adrenaline”

25
Q

ACh binds to _____________ receptors

A

cholinergic

26
Q

___________ receptors: stimulated by NE and E

A

adrenergic

27
Q

____________ receptors: stimulated by ACh

A

cholinergic

28
Q

adrenergic receptors are stimulated by __________

A

NE and E

29
Q

cholinergic receptors are stimulated by __________

A

ACh

30
Q

2 main types of Adrenergic receptors: alpha

A

binds with NE and E

31
Q

alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

A

excitatory - vessels

vasoconstriction (not on blood vessels in the brain)

32
Q

alpha 2 adrenergic receptors

A

inhibitory - GI tract (decrease activity in GI tract)

- smooth muscle relaxation (causes s.m. to stop peristalsis)

33
Q

2 main types of adrenergic receptors: alpha and ______

A

beta

34
Q

beta 1 adrenergic receptors

A

excitatory - heart (on SA nodes)

  • Increase HR and force of contraction
  • also in ventricles in heart (force of contraction)
35
Q

beta 2 adrenergic receptors

A

inhibitory response- relax smooth muscle -> dilate

  • lungs and SOME blood vessels (coronary and skeletal muscle BVS)
  • ex. tingly feeling in arms and legs when you almost hit a deer (vasodilate)
36
Q

2 main types of cholinergic receptors: stimulated by ________

A

ACh

37
Q

2 main types of cholinergic receptors: nicotinic

A

found in postganglionic cell bodies within the autonomic ganglia (both sympathetic and para)
- binding = opening of chemically gated Na+ channels on post

38
Q

2 main types of cholinergic receptors: muscarinic

A

found on all organs with parasympathetic nerves

  • binding = parasympathetic response
  • located on all effectors (all throughout the body)
39
Q

____________ are found in postganglionic cell bodies within the autonomic ganglia

A

nicotinic

40
Q

dual innervation

A
  • sympathetic and para axons innervate the same target cell
  • different NTs used
  • in general, produce opposite effects
  • allows precise control over organ’s activity
41
Q

dual innervation allows _________ over organ’s activity

A

precise control

42
Q

in general, dual innervation produces ________ effects

A

opposite

43
Q

the sympathetic NS is the _____________ branch of the ANS

A

fight or flight

44
Q

the parasympathetic NS is the ____________ branch of the ANS

A

rest and digest

45
Q

the sympathetic NS promotes responses that prepare the body for ___________ activity

A

strenuous physical activity

46
Q

the parasympathetic NS promotes _________________ activities such as digestion, SLUDD

A

body-maintenance

47
Q

SLUDD (parasympathetic)

A 
salivation
lacrimation
urination
digestion
defecation
48
Q

adrenal medulla is the modified part of the ___________ NS

A

sympathetic

49
Q

adrenal medulla

A

stimulation by preganglionic fiber prompts secretion of hormones into blood

50
Q

adrenal medulla - % of hormones secreted into blood

A

20% - NE

80% - E

51
Q

agonists

A

bind with receptor and mimics NT

52
Q

antagonist

A

bind with receptor and blocks NT

53
Q

example of agonist

A

albuterol - opens up airways

54
Q

example of antagonist

A

muscarinic receptors (para)

HSC 215 exam 2 (4 decks)

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