Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HSC 215 exam 2 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Cranial and spinal nerves and branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

consists of brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 types of cells in the NS

A

neurons and neuroglial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5x more __________ cells than __________

A

neuroglial

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory

inform CNS about conditions in both the external and internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

efferent neurons

A

motor

-carry instructions from CNS to effector organs - muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

interneurons: found entirely in the ______

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

interneurons

A

responsible for integrating afferent information and formulating an efferent response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

interneurons: higher ___________

A

mental functioning - “the mind”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

nuclei

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ganglia

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

afferent is ___________

A

towards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

efferent is ___________

A

away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

astrocytes

A

neuroglial cells in the CNS

  • “end feet” aid in establishment of BBB
  • star shaped
  • take up extra K+ in ECF
  • “ION SINK”
  • helps with synaptic transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oligodendrocytes

A
  • neuroglial cells in the CNS

- form myelin sheaths (white matter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

microglia

A
  • neuroglial cells in the CNS

- phagocytes of CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ependymal cells

A
  • neuroglial cells in the CNS
  • form tissue, line ventricles of the brain
  • help form and circulate CSF
  • have cilia (helps circulate CSF in the ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

BBB - functions

A

protects brain from chemical fluctuations in blood

  • minimizes possibility that harmful blood-borne substances might reach central nervous tissue
  • limits use of drugs for treatment of brain and spinal cord disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

______ protects brain from chemical fluctuations in blood

A

BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 main parts of the brain

A
  1. brain stem
  2. cerebellum
  3. diencephalon
  4. cerebrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

brain stem

A

vegetative functions

  • oldest region of the brain
  • continuous with spinal cord
  • controls many life-sustaining processes such as respiration, circulation, and digestion
  • most cranial nerves arise from brain stem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

oldest region of the brain

A

brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

controls processes such as respiration, digestion, and circulation

A

brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anything above foramen magnum is ________

A

brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

anything below foramen magnum is ___________

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

wakefulness/arousal - _____________ system

A

reticular activating system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sensory info is _________ brain

A

towards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

motor information is ____________ brain

A

away from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

medulla oblongata - structure

A

long, white narrow structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

medulla oblongata - cardiovascular system

A

controls heart rate, SA node = pacemaker of the heart (controls heart rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

medulla oblongata - respiratory center

A

rhythm of breathing; contains pacemaker cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pons - structure

A

rounded bulge above medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pons

A

pneumotaxic and apneustic areas

helps medulla oblongata control respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

pneumotaxic

A

expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

apneustic

A

inspiration

35
Q

midbrain - structure

A

above pons - cerebral aqueduct passes through here

36
Q

midbrain - contains ______ areas

A

reflex

37
Q

midbrain - corpora quadrigemina

A

4 rounded bumps that are reflex centers for visual and auditory reflexes

38
Q

superior colliculi (midbrain)

A

visual

39
Q

inferior colliculi - midbrain

A

auditory

40
Q

midbrain - basal ganglia

A

act by modifying ongoing activity in motor pathways

  • balances IPSPs and EPSPs to aid in movement
  • selecting and maintaining purposeful motor activity while suppressing useless or unwanted patterns of movement
  • helping monitor and coordinate slow, sustained contractions, especially those related to posture and support
41
Q

midbrain - basal ganglia

Receives input from ___________ neurons

A

substantia nigra

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

maintains proper position of body (coordination of movement

  • subconscious coordination of motor activity (movement)
  • plays key role in learning skilled motor tasks (ex. playing piano, layup)
43
Q

__________ plays key role in learning skilled motor tasks

A

cerebellum

44
Q

subconscious coordination of motor activity is the ___________

A

cerebellum

45
Q

diencephalon - structure and location

A
  • above brainstem

- contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

46
Q

diencephalon - thalamus - strucutre

A

paired oval masses of gray matter above midbrain, forms lateral walls of the third ventricle

47
Q

diencephalon - thalamus (function)

A
  • relay station for sensory information coming from the spinal cord and brainstem; relaying it to the appropriate areas in the brain for interpretation - takes sensory info and sorts it
48
Q

relay station of the brain is the _______

A

thalamus

49
Q

the ________ is in the thalamus and receives visual input

A

Lateral Geniculate nuclei

50
Q

the Lateral Geniculate nuclei receives _______ input

A

visual

51
Q

diencephalon - hypothalamus (structure)

A

inferior to thalamus, pituitary gland found just below

52
Q

function of hypothalamus of the diencephalon

A

plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis; serves as a link between endocrine and nervous systems

  • makes 2 hormones
  • controls ANS - regulates heart rate, temperature, BP, sleep, feeding, thrist, and rage
53
Q

the hypothalamus makes what 2 hormones

A

oxytocin and ADH for the pituitary to release

54
Q

ADH

A

makes you conserve water

55
Q

_______ plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis and serves as a link between the endocrine and nervous systems

A

hypothalamus

56
Q

diencephalon - pineal gland

A

produces melatonin

- sleep wake cycles

57
Q

melatonin is produced from _______

A

triptophan

58
Q

Cerebrum - largest portion of the brain - center for ____________

A

higher brain activity

59
Q

cerebrum - higher brain activity

A

conscious
thinking
reasoning
memory

60
Q

structural terminology of cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex
2 hemispheres
gyri/convolutions
sulci/fissures

61
Q

cerebrum - cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of grey matter, cell bodies

62
Q

the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by the ________

A

corpus callosum

63
Q

gyri

A

bumps

64
Q

sulci

A

grooves or valleys

65
Q

lobes of cerebrum - frontal

A

voluntary motor movement

- speech, thought, motivation

66
Q

lobes of cerebrum - parietal

A

somatosensory processing (body sensations)

67
Q

lobes of cerebrum - temporal

A

initial processing of auditory input

68
Q

lobes of cerebrum - occipital

A

processing of visual input

69
Q

limbic system: responsible for _______

A

emotion

70
Q

limbic system: basic, inborn behavioral patterns related to _________ and perpetuation of the species

A

survival

71
Q

limbic system contains the ___________

A

nucleus accumbens

72
Q

the nucleus accumbens is also called the ________ center

A

reward

73
Q

functional areas of cerebrum: sensory areas - post central gyrus

A

perception of touch
incoming information crosses over
body map on the cortex - homunculus (little man)

74
Q

functional areas of cerebrum: sensory areas - primary visual area

A

within occipital lobe

- different areas in the visual cortex are responsible for different aspects of vision (ex. cant recognize faces)

75
Q

functional areas of the cerebrum: sensory areas - primary auditory area

A

within the temporal lobes

- sounds are mapped to meanings

76
Q

contralateral neglect caused by damage to ________ lobe

A

parietal

ex. draws only one side of the house

77
Q

functional areas of the cerebrum: motor areas - precentral gyrus - primary motor areas

A

confers voluntary control over skeletal muscles

  • left hemi controls right side and vice versa
  • amount of cortex determines amount of control = motor homunculus
  • proportions reflect relative size of cortex
78
Q

functional areas of cerebrum: motor areas - language - Brocca’s

A
  • only in left temporal (right above eyebrow)
  • motor control for speech
  • sends out motor impulses to muscles in tongue for speech
  • have difficulty getting the words out (they know what to say but can’t)
79
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

understandable speech/processing speech (NOT motor area)

  • you are talking fine, but not making any sense (“word salad”)
  • don’t realize that you are not making sense
  • todo todo todo
80
Q

association areas

A

complex functions like memory, reasoning, judgment, personality, intelligence
- located in many areas

81
Q

memory

A

storage of acquired knowledge for later recall

82
Q

short-term memory

A

lasts for seconds to hours (erasable blackboard)

  • transient neural events
  • a way so the brain does not get overloaded
83
Q

long-term memory

A
  • retained for days to years (not electrical, not APs)
  • involves structural and functional changes in neuron connections
  • strengthening the connections between neurons
84
Q

consolidation

A

process of transferring and fixing short-term memory traces into long-term memory stores

  • the job of the hippocampus
  • organizing and storing memories then being able to retrieve them

HSC 215 exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions