Chapter 6

Question 0

PNS-afferent division: sensory afferent

Answer 0

incoming pathway for sensory information coming from somatic and special

Question 1

PNS - afferent division: visceral afferent

Answer 1

incoming pathway for sensory information coming from the viscera (visceral -> guts)

Question 2

sensory afferent: somatic

Answer 2

body surface and proprioception

Question 3

sensory afferent: special

Answer 3

senses - vision, audition, olfaction, gustation

Question 4

PNS: efferent division - autonomic

Answer 4

fibers that innervate cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 5

PNS: efferent - somatic

Answer 5

fibers of motor neurons that supply skeletal muscles

Question 6

afferent division: perception

Answer 6

conscious perception of or external world as determined by the brain interpreting action potentials delivered by sensory receptors

• not necessarily reflecting reality
• cerebral cortex manipulates the data
• receptors detect limited energy forms

Question 7

receptor types

Answer 7

detect stimuli, convert forms of energy into electrical signals, sensory transduction

Question 8

photoreceptors:

Answer 8

responsive to visible wavelengths of light (ex. on retina)

- takes wavelengths and turn them into APs which then go to the brain

Question 9

mechanoreceptors

Answer 9

responsive to mechanical energy (ex. touch, pressure; things that will deform receptor)

Question 10

thermoreceptors

Answer 10

responsive to heat and cold

Question 11

osmoreceptors

Answer 11

responsive to changes in osmotic pressure

- osmotic receptors in hyperthalamus

Question 12

chemoreceptors

Answer 12

responsive to specific chemicals

- when you eat, the chemicals dissolve in the saliva and then get picked up by chemoreceptors (bitter, sweet, salty)

Question 13

nociceptors

Answer 13

responsive to tissue damage (pain receptors)

- very selective

Question 14

physiology of receptors: receptor potential

Answer 14

local depolarization of the receptor membrane due to the influx of Na+

Question 15

receptor potentials are ________. therefore they can be ______

Answer 15

GPs

summated

Question 16

if the stimulus is strong enough, the receptor potential will result in an _____

Answer 16

AP

Question 17

how the CNS perceives the stimulus is determined by the ____________ generated

Answer 17

frequency of APs

Question 18

Stronger stimulus generates more _________ and vice versa

Answer 18

frequent APs