Chapter 7

Question 1

Creutzfeldt-jakob disease (CJD)

Answer 1

A very rare form of encephalopathy thought to be caused by a virus , termed a prion.

Question 2

Prion

Answer 2

Infectious agents, made of protein, responsible for the various forms of spongiform encephalopathy.

Question 3

Lysis

Answer 3

The disintegration or rupture of the cell membrane, resulting in the release of cell contents or the subsequent death of the cell.

Question 4

Virulence

Answer 4

Degree to which an organism can cause disease.

Question 5

Gram Stain

Answer 5

Differential stain by which bacteria are classified as Gram positive or Gram negative depending on chemical differences in their cell walls.

Question 6

Endotoxin

Answer 6

Toxins produced by an organism and released only when the organism disintegrates.

Question 7

Exotoxin

Answer 7

Toxin secreted into the surrounding medium by a micro-organism as it grows.

Question 8

Parasite

Answer 8

Organism that lives on or in another person and feeds from it, usually without killing it.

Question 9

Intermediate host

Answer 9

A secondary host necessary, in addition to the primary host, for completion of the life cycle of some parasites such as tapeworms.

Question 10

Sensitivity test

Answer 10

Test to establish the most effective drug to use for treatment against a particular bacterial infection.

Question 11

Vector

Answer 11

Refers to an agent such as a plasmid or a virus that carries passenger DNA into a cell
OR
An insect or other animal that carries a pathogenic organism from one host to another.

Question 12

Coccus

Answer 12

Round-shaped bacterium.

Question 13

Bacillus

Answer 13

Rod-shaped bacterium.

Question 14

Spirochaete

Answer 14

Spiral-shaped bacterium.