Chapter 7

Question 0

Sensory memory

Answer 0

First memory stage that holds sensory information relatively large capacity but duration is only a few seconds

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

And internal record or representation of some prior event

Question 2

Short-term memory

Answer 2

Second memory stage that temporarily stores sensory information and decides whether to send it on to long-term memory

Question 3

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 3

Repeating information over and over to maintain it in STM

Question 4

Chunking

Answer 4

Grouping separate pieces of information into a single unit

Question 5

Long-term memory

Answer 5

Third stage of memory that stores information for long periods of time it’s capacity is limitless

Question 6

Encoding

Answer 6

Translating information into neural codes

Question 7

Storage

Answer 7

Retaining neurally coded information over time

Question 8

Retrieval

Answer 8

Recovering information from memory storage

Question 9

Parallel distributed processing

Answer 9

Memory results from connections among interacting processing units distributed in vast network and all operating Parallel

Question 10

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 10

Linking new information to previously stored material

Question 11

Explicit/declarative memory

Answer 11

Subsystem within long-term memory that consciously stores facts information and personal life experiences

Question 12

Semantic memory

Answer 12

A part of declarative memory that stores general knowledge

Question 13

Episodic memory

Answer 13

A part of declarative memory that stores memories of personally experienced events

Question 14

Non-declarative memory

Answer 14

Subsystem within long-term memory that consists of unconscious procedural skills, simpl classically conditioned responses, and priming

Question 15

Priming

Answer 15

Prior exposure to a stimulus facilitates or inhibits the processing of new information even when one has no conscious memory of the initial learning and storage

Question 16

Retrieval cue

Answer 16

A cue or prompt that helps stimulate recall and retrieval of a stored piece of information from LTM

Question 17

Recognition

Answer 17

Retrieving a memory using a specific cue

Question 18

Recall

Answer 18

Retrieving a memory using a general cue

Question 19

Encoding specificity principle

Answer 19

Retrieval of information is improved when conditions of recovery are similar to the conditions when information was encoded

Question 20

Long-term potentiation

Answer 20

Long-lasting increase in excitability believed to be a biological mechanism for memory

Question 21

Retroactive interference

Answer 21

New information interferes with remembering old information

Question 22

Proactive interference

Answer 22

Old information interferes with remembering

Information forward acting interference

Question 23

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

Answer 23

A retrieval failure that involves a sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory of being temporarily unable to retrieve it

Question 24

Retro grade amnesia

Answer 24

Loss of memory for events before an injury

Question 25

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 25

Inability to form new memories after an injury

Question 26

Constructive process

Answer 26

Organizing in shaping of information during encoding and retrieval that may cause memory errors and distortions

Question 27

Source amnesia

Answer 27

Attributing to a wrong source and event that we have experienced, heard about, read about, were imagine

Question 28

Sleeper effect

Answer 28

Tendency to initially discount information from an unreliable source