Chapter 7 (2)

Question 1

October Manifesto

Answer 1

Sergei Witte, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, warned that the country was on the edge of a revolution
The Manifesto promised constitutional reform
-Civic freedom
-State Duma and give it power to approve laws
Caused the general strike to be called off
Some people weren’t happy as the Tsar never planned on becoming a constitutional monarch

Question 2

Counter Revolution

Answer 2

Trepov ordered troops to ‘fire no blanks and spare no bullets’
Jews suffered in terrible pogroms
St Petersburg soviet was surrounded and the leaders arrested and exiled to Siberia (3/12)
Further month of street war fare in Moscow

Question 3

Fundamental laws

Answer 3

23/4/1906
Allowed Nicholas to reassert himself as the autocratic leader
He claimed the right to:
-veto legislation
-dissolve the Duma
-appoint and dismiss government ministers
-declare war
-control the Orthodox Church
-overturn verdicts and sentences in court

Question 4

SD

Answer 4

Social Democratic Workers’ Party
1898
Marxism
Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Bolsheviks: Led by Lenin, believed in the role of the proletariat and from 1905 wanted a strong peasant/proletariat
Mensheviks: Led by Martov, believed in cooperation with the liberals and bourgeoisie. Used legal channels of opposition

Question 5

SR

Answer 5

Socialist revolutionaries
1899
Led by Chernov
Favoured redistribution of land and nationalism
Left of the party used terrorism

Question 6

Trudoviks

Answer 6

Non revolutionary breakaway of SR
Moderate liberal views
Favoured nationalisation of non peasant land
A minimum wage and an 8 hour working day
Supported by both peasants and intelligentsia