Chapter 7 Flashcards
What are chromosomes of Archaea similar to
Chromosomes in Archaea are similar to chromosomes in bacteria, they have one circular chomosome
What are DNA packaging and chromosome replication in Archaea similar to
DNA packaging and chromosome replication enzymes are more similar to Eukarya. Both replicate by directional synthesis and have multiple replication origins (bacteria tend to only have one origin of replication)
What does Archaea possess that contributes to its chromosome structure
DNA Gyrase and Histones
What is DNA Gyrase
It produces the supercoiling of the DNA as in bacteria, its a enzyme that contributes to the compaction of the DNA in the nucleus by twisting it, its present in bacteria but not eukaryotes
What are histones
They are eukaryotic-like proteins used for winding DNA, forms DNA-histone structure known as nucleosome
Describe the Archaea RNA polymerase
Archaea only has one RNA polymerase, resembles that of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. Used to make mRNA from genes and Archaea tend to have operons (like bacteria)
Describe the Archaea transcription apparatus
Archaea have a simplified version of eukaryotic transcription apparatus. Promoters and RNA polymerase are similar to eukaryotes, but the regulation of transcription has similarities with bacteria
What is the translational machinery in Archaea similar to
The translational machinery is more similar between Eukarya and Archaea, Archaea share 67 to 78 ribosome proteins with Eukarya and Eukarya and Archaea have twice as many translation factors as Bacteria
What are some shared features between bacteria and archaea
They are typically single-celled and divide by binary fission, neither possess a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, have couples transcription and translation, both possess a singular circular chromosome, and both use Shine-Dalgarno ribosome-binding sequences to start translation
