Chapter 7 Flashcards
Ethnicity
What is a Part-Nation state?
A part-nation state refers to a situation where a nation or cultural group is divided across several political states, without a predominant presence in any single one
What is Apartheid?
Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
Define Balkanization.
Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.
What does it mean if an area is described as Balkanized?
A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other.
What is blockbusting?
Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area.
Define centripetal force.
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state (ex. Nationalism or religion).
What is ethnicity?
Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.
What is ethnic cleansing?
Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.
Define multi-ethnic state.
A state that contains more than one ethnicity.
What is a multinational state?
State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.
Define nationalism.
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.
What is nationality?
Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there.
What is a nation-state?
A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.
Define racism.
Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
What is a racist?
A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism.
What does self-determination mean?
Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.
What is a sharecropper?
A person who works fields rented from a land owner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops.
Define Triangular slave trade.
A practice, primarily during the 18th century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean Islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.
What is a shatterbelt?
A region caught between powerful forces whose boundaries are continually redefined.
Define ethnic enclave.
A neighborhood, district, or suburb, which retains some cultural distinction from a larger, surrounding area.
What is ethnocentrism?
Using one’s own cultural identity as the superior standard by which to judge others, often discriminating behavior.
What does cultural relativism mean?
The principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of his or her own culture.
Define segregation.
The policy or practice of separating people of different races, classes, or ethnic groups, as in schools, housing, and public or commercial facilities.
What is social distance?
A measure of the likelihood that dissimilar groups will interact in society.
What is a plural society?
A society in which several ethnic groupings coexist, each living in communities or regions variously separate from the others.
Define ethnic conflict.
Type of conflict between or among two or more racial, language or religious groups usually over territory.
What is a ghetto?
Ethnic neighborhood created by government, social, or economic pressures causing people of one ethnicity to live together.
What is genocide?
Killing of one racial or ethnic group by another, same as ethnic cleansing.
Define race.
Classification system of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics.
What is an ethnic landscape?
The landscape formed by the ethnicities living in that area.
What is a barrio?
Spanish-speaking urban neighborhoods in the United States.
Define nation.
Group of people who share a common culture and identify as a cohesive group.
What is a state?
An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.
What is a stateless nation?
People without a state (ex. Kurds - Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Syria).
Define assimilation.
The adoption of a new culture and the abandonment of most aspects of an original culture.
What is acculturation?
A form of cultural change in which a minority culture becomes more like the dominant culture.
Who are Cajuns?
French-speaking Acadians who were moved to Louisiana to protect Britain from being overthrown.
What is an ethnoburb?
A multiethnic residential, commercial, or mixed suburban cluster in which a single ethnic group is unlikely to form a majority of the population.
