Chapter 3 Flashcards
Migration
What is migration?
A form of relocation diffusion that involves a permanent move to a new location.
Define immigration.
Migration to a new location.
What does emigration mean?
Migration from a location.
What is migration transition?
A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.
What is international migration?
Permanent movement from one country to another.
What characterizes voluntary migration?
Permanent movement undertaken by choice.
Define forced migration.
Permanent movement, compelled by cultural or environmental factors.
What is internal migration?
Permanent movement within a particular country.
What does interregional migration entail?
Permanent movement from one region to another.
Explain intraregional migration.
Permanent movement within one region of a country.
Who is E.G. Ravenstein?
A German-English geographer who developed the theory of human migration, which still serves as the basis of modern migration theories.
Who was Wilbur Zelinsky?
An American geographer who identified stages of migration transition as a tool for identifying how migration patterns changed in accordance with the demographic transition.
What is urbanization?
Net migration from rural areas to urban areas.
Define counterurbanization.
Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
What does suburbanization refer to?
Net migration from the urban center to the immediate surrounding area around the city.
What is the Rust Belt?
The Northeast and Midwest regions of the U.S. from which people have been migrating from for the last 100 years.
Define the Sun Belt.
The southern region of the U.S. to which people have been migrating to since the 1920s.
What is remittance?
Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated.
What is a push factor?
A factor that induces people to move out of their present location.
Define pull factor.
A factor that induces people to move to a new location.
What is a refugee?
Someone who is forced to migrate from his or her home country and cannot return for fear of persecution.
What is an internally displaced person (IDP)?
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across a border.
Define asylum seeker.
Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee.
What is a guest worker?
A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe in search of a higher-paying job.
What is an expatriate?
A person temporarily or permanently residing in a country other than where they grew up due to some intervening factor.
Define ethnic cleansing.
A systematic forced removal or extermination of a specific ethnic group.
What is an intervening obstacle?
An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.
What is a quota in migration?
A law that places a maximum limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.
Define chain migration.
The migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality already moved there.
What is brain drain?
The large-scale emigration of talented and educated people.
What does xenophobia mean?
The unreasoned fear of something perceived to be foreign.
What is net migration?
The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.
What is a visa?
A document issued by a country which allows the holder to enter the country.
Define passport.
A travel document issued by a government which certifies identity and nationality of the holder.
What is a green card?
The informal name for an identification card allowing legal residence in the United States.
What is human trafficking?
The illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
Define circular migration.
Temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment.
What is Lee’s Model of Migration?
A migration model that introduces a refinement to push and pull factors, including intervening obstacles.
What are Ravenstein’s Laws of migration?
Describe voluntary migration patterns, many still hold true today.
What does migration selectivity refer to?
Combination of factors that predict a person’s likelihood to migrate based on age, gender, and education.
What is mobility?
All types of movements between locations.
Define step migration.
Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages.
What is circulation?
Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.
What does desertification mean?
Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions.
What is a floodplain?
An area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends.
What is an unauthorized immigrant?
A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so.
Define diaspora
a community of people dispersed across the world, retaining their ethnic, religious, or cultural distinctiveness
