Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is the swapping of political support for a government job?
Patrionage
What act (and when) created the Civil Service Commission for the purpose of distributing government jobs based on merit? Which President supported its passage?
Pendleton Act of 1883; Chester Arthur
Which organization of the federal bureaucracy is the closest to the President and, therefore, is most subject to his direct control?
Departments
Which organization of the federal bureaucracy either performs a single function or regulates some aspect of society?
Independent agencies (agencies)
Which organization of the federal bureaucracy is the businesses, some of them monopolies, of the federal government?
Government corporations
A large, complex organization made up of appointed officials.
Bureaucracy
The ability to do a job.
Merit
With the assassination of which president by a disgruntled job-seeker were Americans incensed that the patronage system had gotten so out of hand, for it resulted in the death of their President?
James A. Garfield
A collection of legislative proposals by FDR that aimed at providing socialist benefits such as government-financed pensions and health care.
New Deal
Serves as the main unit of an executive department, allowing it to take advantage of the principle of division of labor.
Bureau
The heads of the executive departments who serve as the President’s panel of advisers. What are these department heads called, except the attorney general, the head of the Department of Justice?
Cabinet; secretaries
Most of the employees within the executive departments who are hired, rather than appointed, for their position.
Career civil servants
A special group of judges who preside over informal, little-publicized cases arising out of agency decisions. What have they been referred to as because of the important decisions they make and the little that is known about their activities?
ALJs (administrative-law judges); “hidden judiciary”
An organization of the federal bureaucracy.
Agencies
Agencies that tend to have a single function and report directly to the President. Who usually chairs these agencies, serving at the President’s pleasure?
Independent executive agencies; administrator
Agencies that have been created by Congress to regulate some area of American life.
Independent regulatory agencies
Federal regulatory agency created for the purpose of regulating the railroads.
Interstate Commerce Commssion (ICC)
Commission established in 1965 to enforce Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1965, which prohibits discrimiation in employment policies on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Powerful agency that operates within the Treasury Department; wields broad powers in interpreting and enforcing federal tax laws.
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Powerful agency within the Department of Labor that was given broad latitude in developing and enforcing national safety and health standards in workplaces.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Laws created by legislatures.
Statutory laws
Individual legislative acts published immediately after enactment, serving as the first official form of a newly passed law before being compiled into statutory codes; first legal publications.
Slip laws
At the end of a congressional session, slip laws are bound in what publication?
U.S. Statues-at-Large
The process by which an agency makes rules to enforce a law.
Regulation
The official daily publication of the U.S. government that gives individuals and businesses affected by regulations an opportunity to read both the regulations being proposed and those being implemented.
Federal Register
A yearly publication that lists all the regulations issued that year as well as previous regulations still in effect.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
A public company that operates a quasi-business enterprise (corporations or authorities); the newest type of federal agency; produces revenue for its services, unlike the other agencies.
Government corporation
The first government corporation that today generates power for a seven-state region and controls flooding on the Tennessee River.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Well-known government corporation which insures bank deposits in qualifying banks.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
The best-known government corporation which operates the nation’s postal system.
United States Postal Service
Name an area of America life that is threatened because of expanding bureaucracy.
Free enterprise system
An agency that has been especiallly burdensome to businesses; has cost American businesses millions of dollars in its zealous effort to protect the environment.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Spending more money than one receives in a given period.
Deficit spending
Two U.S. government commissions (1947–1949 and 1953–1955), chaired by former President Herbert Hoover, aimed at reorganizing and improving the efficiency of the federal government.
Hoover Commissions
The process of reducing the number of regulations.
Deregulation
What did President Reagan authorize to investigate how the bureaucracy might be reformed?
Grace Commission
The authority Congress gives the agencies to make decisions regarding the public in areas that Congress has not specifically addressed.
Discretionary authority
The concept of returning decision-making to state and local government.
Revival of federalism
In what three ways can Congress bring the problem of bloated oppressive government under control?
Reorganization, reduction, and removal
