Chapter 10 Flashcards
The most common form of government in the the world today in which the central (national) government possesses all of the power and rules through the local governments.
Unitary system
Those powers given by the Constitution to both the national and the state governments.
Concurrent powers
Those powers given explicitly to Congress that are specifically stated in the Constitution.
Expressed powers
Those legislative powers which are not specifically stated in the Constitution but are implied in the expressed powers.
Implied powers
In what case did the Supreme Court establish the doctrine of implied powers by upholding the constitutionality of the national bank?
McCulloch v. Maryland
Those powers which are reserved by the Constitution for the states or the people.
Reserved powers
The act of one state honoring the civil laws and court decisions of other states.
Full faith and credit
The special rights and protections guaranteed to the citizens of a state.
Privileges and immunities
The surrendering of an accused or convicted felon to the state from which he fled.
Extradition
The independent exercise of power between the national government and the states.
Dual federalism
The belief that states could secede from the Union if they did not agree with a law passed by Congress and that they could ignore a law if they deemed it unconstitutional.
Doctrine of Nullification
The conflict between the states and the federal government culminated in what war?
Civil War
Landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that expanded federal power over interstate commerce.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
What amendment provided for the federal government to tax personal incomes and partly made possible the rise of the national government to prominence above the states?
16th Amendmennt
A system in which national, state, and local governments work together to solve policy issues, sharing powers, responsibilities, and resources rather than operating independently.
Cooperative federalism
Monies the national government gives to state or local governments for some designated purpose.
Federal grants
A system in which the national government pressures state and local governments to comply with federal policies through mandates, regulations, or conditional funding, often limiting state autonomy.
Coercive federalism
A legally binding directive issued by a judge that requires an individual or entity to perform or refrain from a specific action, enforceable by law.
Court order
The court case that gave Congress almost unlimited reign over the states; ruled that Congress could make state government comply with the same minimum wage and maximum-hour legislation as was required for federal employees by the FLSA.
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Authority
A legal doctrine where federal law overrides or takes precedence over conflicting state or local laws,
Preemption
Federal funds given to states with broad spending discretion, allowing flexibility in how the money is used within a general policy area.
Block grants
Federal funds provided for a specific purpose, with strict conditions on how the money must be spent.
Categorical grants
Federal requirements imposed on states, sometimes as a condition for receiving funding, compelling compliance with national policies.
Mandates or conditions of aid
What law required that voting registration be available everywhere there was a state department of motor vehicles?
Motor Voter Law
What act stated that Congress would have to conduct studies to determine the cost of mandates on the states?
It is doubtful that it has helped to alleviate the burden of federal regulations upon the states.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
