Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
True or False: Cellular respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen.
False.
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the __________ of the cell.
cytoplasm.
Which molecule is the primary energy carrier produced during cellular respiration?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
What is the main purpose of the Krebs cycle?
To produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) for the electron transport chain.
What is the net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules.
True or False: The electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria.
True.
What are the byproducts of aerobic cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water.
Fill in the blank: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of __________.
oxygen.
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production in cellular respiration?
The electron transport chain.
True or False: Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.
True.
What is the function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
They carry electrons to the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: The energy released during cellular respiration is stored in the form of __________.
ATP.
What are the two types of fermentation?
Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
True or False: Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.
False; it is a catabolic process.
What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?
Approximately 36 to 38 ATP molecules.
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.
During which stage of cellular respiration is glucose broken down into pyruvate?
Glycolysis.
What is the primary purpose of the electron transport chain?
To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.
Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria.
matrix.
What is the effect of insufficient oxygen on cellular respiration?
It leads to anaerobic respiration and less ATP production.
True or False: The process of cellular respiration is essential for all living organisms.
True.
What is the significance of the proton gradient created during the electron transport chain?
It is used to drive the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis.
What role do enzymes play in cellular respiration?
Enzymes catalyze the reactions involved in cellular respiration.
Fill in the blank: The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is __________.
oxygen.
What is the primary substrate used in cellular respiration?
Glucose.
What happens to the carbon atoms in glucose during cellular respiration?
They are released as carbon dioxide.
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
It is the direct synthesis of ATP from ADP during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
True or False: All ATP produced during cellular respiration is generated through oxidative phosphorylation.
False; some ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation.
What is the role of coenzymes in cellular respiration?
Coenzymes assist enzymes in transferring electrons during metabolic reactions.
Fill in the blank: Cellular respiration is vital for __________ production in cells.
energy.
What are the end products of the Krebs cycle?
NADH, FADH2, ATP, and carbon dioxide.
Which type of respiration is more efficient in terms of ATP yield?
Aerobic respiration.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to extract energy is known as __________.
catabolism.
