Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells?
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
True or False: DNA is a type of protein.
False.
Fill in the blank: The basic unit of carbohydrates is ______.
monosaccharide.
What is the primary function of proteins in a cell?
To serve as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.
Which macromolecule is responsible for storing genetic information?
Nucleic acids.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a lipid? (a) Glucose (b) Phospholipid (c) RNA
b) Phospholipid.
What are amino acids?
The building blocks of proteins.
True or False: All enzymes are proteins.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy is called ______.
cellular respiration.
What is the role of carbohydrates in cells?
To provide energy and structural support.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of lipids? (a) Energy storage (b) Genetic encoding (c) Structural support
a) Energy storage.
What are nucleotides?
The building blocks of nucleic acids.
True or False: Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes.
True.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its ______.
structure and function.
What is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Multiple choice: Which macromolecule is primarily involved in catalyzing biochemical reactions? (a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins (c) Lipids
b) Proteins.
What type of bond links amino acids together?
Peptide bonds.
True or False: Starch is a type of lipid.
False.
Fill in the blank: The main function of RNA is to ______.
synthesize proteins.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
Multiple choice: Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template? (a) Transcription (b) Translation (c) Replication
a) Transcription.
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
To speed up the rate of reactions.
True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.
False.
Fill in the blank: The structure of DNA is described as a ______.
double helix.
What are polysaccharides?
Carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharides.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a function of proteins? (a) Energy storage (b) Transport (c) Hormonal signaling
a) Energy storage.
What is the primary structural role of cellulose in plant cells?
To provide rigidity and strength.
True or False: All cells contain the same types of macromolecules.
True.
Fill in the blank: The main component of the cell membrane is ______.
phospholipids.
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins.
Multiple choice: Which macromolecule is primarily used for quick energy? (a) Proteins (b) Carbohydrates (c) Nucleic acids
b) Carbohydrates.
What is the term for a molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts?
Amphipathic.
True or False: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals.
True.
Fill in the blank: The primary function of nucleic acids is to store and transmit ______.
genetic information.
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.
