chapter 6 Flashcards
What is cell division?
The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
What are the two main types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis.
True or False: Mitosis results in four genetically identical daughter cells.
False. Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Fill in the blank: Mitosis is used for _______ and _______.
growth and repair.
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
How many chromosomes do the daughter cells have after meiosis?
Half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
What is the term for the phase where the cell prepares for division?
Interphase.
What occurs during prophase?
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Multiple choice: Which phase follows metaphase in mitosis? A) Anaphase B) Telophase C) Cytokinesis
A) Anaphase.
What structure helps to separate chromosomes during mitosis?
The spindle apparatus.
True or False: Crossing over occurs during mitosis.
False. Crossing over occurs during meiosis.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
What happens during telophase?
Chromosomes de-condense and the nuclear envelope re-forms.
Multiple choice: Which phase of meiosis involves the alignment of homologous chromosomes? A) Anaphase I B) Metaphase I C) Prophase II
B) Metaphase I.
What is the result of meiosis I?
Two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes.
Fill in the blank: During ________, homologous chromosomes are separated.
anaphase I.
What is the significance of genetic variation in meiosis?
It increases the diversity of the offspring.
What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase.
True or False: Cells can skip the interphase if they are ready to divide.
False. Cells must go through interphase before division.
What is a gamete?
A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that contains half the genetic material.
What happens during metaphase in mitosis?
Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the cell.
Multiple choice: Which type of cell division is responsible for asexual reproduction? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis
A) Mitosis.
What is a zygote?
The fertilized egg formed from the union of sperm and egg.
How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?
Two rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II.
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.
