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PSYC 424: Neuropsychology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

frontal lobe; decision making, planning

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2
Q

motor cortex

A

frontal lobe; control of skeletal muscles

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3
Q

Broca’s area

A

frontal lobe; forming speech

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4
Q

auditory cortex

A

temporal lobe; hearing
- where the cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN 8) goes

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5
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

temporal lobe; comprehending language

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6
Q

visual cortex

A

occipital lobe; processing visual stimuli and pattern recognition
- rough outlines

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7
Q

visual association cortex

A

occipital lobe; combining images and object recognition
- assigning meaning to image

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8
Q

sensory association cortex

A

parietal lobe; integration of sensory information

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9
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

parietal lobe; sense of touch

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10
Q

frontal lobe

A

decision making, motivation, attention, higher cognitive reasoning
- prefrontal cortex
- motor cortex (primary motor cortex and premotor cortex)
- frontal eye field (FEF)
- Broca’s area
- supplementary motor area (SMA)

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11
Q

temporal lobe

A

language, visual and auditory perception
- auditory cortex
- Wernicke’s area

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12
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual processing
- visual cortex (V1)
- visual association cortex (V2)

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13
Q

parietal lobe

A

integration of sensory information
- somatosensory cortex
- sensory association cortex

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14
Q

telencephalon

A

the cerebrum

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15
Q

boundaries of frontal lobe

A
  • bounded posteriorly by central sulcus
  • bounded inferiorly by lateral (sylvian) sulcus
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16
Q

boundaries of parietal lobe

A
  • bounded anteriorly by central sulcus
  • bounded inferiorly by lateral (sylvian) sulcus
  • bounded posteriorly by parieto-occipital sulcus
  • a line between pre-occipital notch
  • medial extension of the parieto-occipital sulcus
17
Q

boundaries of temporal lobe

A
  • bounded superiorly by the lateral sulcus
  • bounded posteriorly by a line connection the superior end of the parieto-occipital sulcus to pre-occipital notch
18
Q

boundaries of occipital lobe

A
  • separated anteriorly from the parietal and temporal lobes by a line extending from the superior end of the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch (both on the medial and lateral sides)
19
Q

nomenclature for cerebrum

A

Brodmann’s versus named sulci and gyri

20
Q

Broddman

A

areas were originally defined and numbered based on the cytoarchitectural (cells) organization of neurons using the Nissl method of cell staining

21
Q

Brodmann areas 1, 2, and 3

A

primary somatosensory cortex

22
Q

Brodmann area 4

A

primary motor cortex

23
Q

primary motor cortex (area 4) (M1)

A
  • frontal lobe
  • precentral gyrus
  • somatotopic maps of contralateral body movements present
  • all regions of the body that have voluntary movements
  • body region not proportional
  • principal target for cerebellar and motor thalamus projections –> CST (body), CBT (face)
  • function: works in association with other motor areas including premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, sensory and posterior parietal cortex, and several subcortical brain regions, to plan and execute movements
  • lesion: varied degrees of focal paralysis in the contralateral side of the body/face
24
Q

premotor cortex (PMC) (area 6)

A
  • frontal lobe
  • involved in initiating movements
  • concerned with coordinating motor plans related to external cues
  • activity greater in response to external cues than internally generated plans
  • inputs: parietal lobe, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex
  • outputs: primary motor cortex
  • lesion: impairments in motor learning and execution
25
Q

frontal eye field (FEF) (area 8)

A
  • function: for voluntary lateral (horizontal) gaze
  • lesions: lesioned eyes turn to side of lesion (transiently); cannot gaze voluntarily to contralateral side
26
Q

Doll’s eye maneuver (oculocephalic reflex)

A

can rule out cranial nerves 3, 4, 6, and 8 (damage at level of brainstem); does NOT rule out damage to frontal eye field

27
Q

supplementary motor area (SMA)

A
  • frontal lobe
  • SMA and the more lateral PMC neurons control hierarchically the activity of the primary motor cortex neurons
  • stimulation of SMA produces “urge” to perform movements
  • outputs: to primary motor cortex
  • inputs: prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia; places SMA in strategic position
  • lesion: akinetic mutism; cannot follow command of voluntary movement including speech
28
Q

prefrontal cortex

A
  • located anterior the motor functional area (i.e., 4, 6, and 8) are considered the prefrontal cortex
  • outputs to SMA and PMC
  • active when planning behaviors
  • active when new motor skills are being acquired
  • includes areas that mediate higher mental functions
  • language area located here: Broca’s area

PSYC 424: Neuropsychology (12 decks)

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