chapter 7

Question 1

1. According to McClelland, high achievers are strongly motivated when jobs have ________.
   A. high feedback, low risk, and high responsibility
   B. low risk, high reward, and high personal responsibility
   C. high personal responsibility, high feedback, and moderate risk
   D. high risk, high reward, and high personal responsibility
   E. high reward, low personal responsibility, and high risk

Answer 1

c. high personal responsibility, high feedback, and moderate risk

Question 2

2. According to an integrated motivational theory model, rewards play a part in ________.
   A. theory X
   B. theory Y
   C. MBO
   D. organizational justice
   E. needs theory

Answer 2

organizational justice

Question 3

3. A football player on a 2 million dollar contract who refuses to show up to training camp because another similar football player has a contract for more money is an example of ________.
   A. self-efficacy theory
   B. equity theory
   C. operant conditioning theory
   D. justice theory
   E. social learning theory

Answer 3

equity theory

Question 4

4. Roxanne was training for a race and having difficulty on one of the rope climbs. Nonetheless, she kept working at every single day, not missing one day, until race day when she finally scaled the rope to the top. This example speaks to Roxanne’s ________.
   A. direction
   B. persistence
   C. motivation level
   D. personality
   E. intensity

Answer 4

persistence

Question 5

Which early theory reviewed the concepts of satisfaction and dissatisfaction?
A. Theory X and Theory Y
B. Locke’s goal-setting theory
C. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
D. Herzberg’s two-factor theory
E. Reinforcement theory

Answer 5

D. Herzberg’s two-factor theory

Question 6

6. Higher job engagement is linked to ________.
   A. lower satisfaction
   B. higher turnover
   C. lower productivity
   D. higher employee engagement
   E. more safety incidents

Answer 6

higher employee engagement

Question 7

7. Which of the following primarily accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal?
   A. Perception B. Management C. Persistence D. Motivation
   E. Personality

Answer 7

motivation

Question 8

8. The investment of an employee’s emotional, physical, and cognitive energy into a job is known as ________.
   A. job engagement
   B. rights theory
   C. expectancy theory
   D. theory Y
   E. theory X

Answer 8

job engagement

Question 9

9. Paola was a new manager working on a compensation plan for her salespeople. She had taken several organizational behavior classes during college and knew that although extrinsic rewards often motivate, some caution needs to be used. This notion of intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivators is exampled in what motivational theory?
   A. Goal commitment
   B. Theory X and Theory Y
   C. Self-determination
   D. Goal-setting theory
   E. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

self-determination

Question 10

10. Danyell had been trying to lose weight for several months without much result. Although she had changed some of her eating habits and hit the gym when she didn’t feel too tired or she had time, it seems that she wasn’t really getting anywhere. This example speaks to what component of motivation?
    A. Attitude
    B. Intensity
    C. Inspiration D. Persistence E. Direction

Answer 10

intensity

Question 11

11. Distributive justice is concerned with ________.
    A. equity across the board
    B. fairness of the outcome
    C. quality of the treatment
    D. whether employees have a say in the standards
    E. communication of the process

Answer 11

fairness of the outcome

Question 12

12. The foundation of an integrated model of motivation which combines many contemporary theories of motivation is ________.
    A. expectancy theory
    B. goal-setting theory
    C. equity theory
    D. MBO
    E. self-efficacy theory

Answer 12

expectancy theory

Question 13

13. Which of the following elements of self-efficacy theory means to become more confident because you see someone else doing the task?
    A. Self-concordance
    B. Arousal
    C. Verbal persuasion
    D. Enactive mastery
    E. Vicarious modeling

Answer 13

vicarious modelling

Question 14

14. Which theory argues that the strength of our tendency to act a certain way depends on the strength of our expectation of a given outcome and its attractiveness?
    A. Expectancy theory
    B. Self-determination theory
    C. Cognitive evaluation theory
    D. Self-efficacy theory
    E. Goal-setting theory

Answer 14

expectancy theory

Question 15

15. Channeled effort speaks to what component of motivation?
    A. Direction
    B. Intensity
    C. Ability
    D. Persistence E. Inspiration

Answer 15

direction

Question 16

16. Which theory refers to an individual’s belief in being capable of performing a task?
    A. Self-efficacy theory
    B. Equity theory
    C. Goal-setting theory
    D. Self-determination theory
    E. Cognitive evaluation theory

Answer 16

self-efficacy theory

Question 17

17. People
    are more engaged in their jobs when ________.
    A. the pay is higher
    B. they have adequate training for the job
    C. they work in a high level job
    D. they have sufficient resources
    E. they get more time off

Answer 17

they have sufficient resources

Question 18

18. Achievement falls into which level of hierarchy in Maslow’s pyramid?
    A. Physiological
    B. Self-actualization
    C. Social-belongingness D. Esteem
    E. Safety-security

Answer 18

esteem

Question 19

19. Which type of justice is measured by whether employees are treated with respect?
    A. Procedural B. Interpersonal C. Informational D. Distributive E. Interactional

Answer 19

Interpersonal

Question 20

20. Which of the following needs in Maslow’s hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming?
    A. Self-actualization B. Social
    C. Safety
    D. Esteem
    E. Physiological

Answer 20

self-actualization

Question 21

21. Which theory suggests that individuals prefer feeling in control of their actions and that anything that makes an enjoyable task feel like an obligation undermines motivation?
    A. Theory X
    B. Self-efficacy theory
    C. Theory Y
    D. Goal-setting theory
    E. Self-determination theory

Answer 21

self-determination theory

Question 22

22. Which of the following is NOT among the early theories of motivation?
    A. Theory of needs
    B. Goal-setting theory
    C. Theory X and Theory Y
    D. Hierarchy of needs
    E. Two-factor theory

Answer 22

B. Goal-setting theory

Question 23

23. Which element of equity theory is concerned with the fairness of the outcomes, such as the pay and recognition that employees receive?
    A. Distributive justice
    B. Informational justice
    C. Legal justice
    D. Interpersonal justice
    E. Procedural justice

Answer 23

distributive justice

Question 24

24. According to ________ theory, extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic interest in a task.
    A. goal-setting
    B. cognitive evaluation
    C. self-determination
    D. equity
    E. self-efficacy

Answer 24

cognitive-evaluation

Question 25

25. Cascading objectives are the focus of which motivational theory?
    A. Locke’s goal-setting theory
    B. Theory Y
    C. Management by objectives
    D. Theory X
    E. Self-efficacy

Answer 25

management by objectives