chapter 6 Flashcards
1.________ is a process by which individuals organize and interpret sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
A. Objectification B. Assumption C. Perception
D. Observation E. Impression
perception
Which of the following statements is true of perception?
A. Perception of reality is not influenced by a person’s motives.
B. Perception is influenced by past experiences.
C. Perception of reality is independent of existing attitudes toward that reality.
D. Perception of reality is the same as reality itself.
E. Perception leads to conformity.
Perception is influenced by past experience
Aurora was walking down the street when she spotted a mugging taking place. Her perceptions about the mugging might be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. interests
B. personality
C. past experiences
D. escalation of commitment
E. attitudes
escalation of commitment
Attribution theory tries to explain the ways we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior. It depends largely on ________, ________, and ________.
A. consistency, particularity, consensus
B. distinctiveness, consensus, dependability
C. consistency, consistency, individuality
D. distinctiveness, consistency, consensus
E. distinctiveness, harmony, consistency
Distinctiveness, consistency, consensus
_______ caused behaviors are those an observer believes to be under the personal behavioral control of another individual.
A. Externally B. Internally
C. Relationally D. Individually E. Situationally
internally
- Which of the following is an example of an externally caused behavior?
A. A student is late to class because he got a flat tire on the way to school.
B. A student is late to class because she stayed up too late and overslept.
C. A student misses class because he chose to hang out with friends instead.
D. A student misses class because she just didn’t feel like going.
E. A student is late to class because he chose to walk instead of riding the bus.
a student is late to class because he got a flat tire on the way to school
- With regards to attribution theory, ________ refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.
A. consistency
B. personality
C. distinctiveness
D. dependability E. individuality
distinctiveness
- According to attribution theory, if a behavior is ________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes.
A. high on consistency
B. high on distinctiveness
C. high on consensus
D. low on consistency
E. high on individuality
high on consistency
- Which of the following is a discrepancy that exists between the current state of affairs and some desired state, requiring us to consider alternative courses of action?
A. Stalemate B. Decision C. Challenge D. Problem E. Perception
problem
- Which of the following is a decision-making model that assumes that the decision maker has complete information, is able to identify all the relevant options in an unbiased manner, and chooses the option with the highest utility?
A. Attribution decision-making model
B. Rational decision-making model
C. Ideal decision-making model
D. Integrative decision-making model
E. Perceptive decision-making model
Rational decision-making model
- What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?
A. Defining the problem
B. Identifying the decision criteria
C. Allocating weights to criteria
D. Evaluating the alternatives
E. Developing alternatives
defining the problem
- In the area of decision making, what does satisficing involve?
A. Using creativity to develop a greater number of possible solutions.
B. Weighing each piece of information to determine the value.
C. Seeking the perfect or optimal solution.
D. Seeking a solution that is sufficient.
E. Seeking all relevant information.
seeking a solution that is sufficient
- Juan was ready to purchase a new car and was excited by the prospect. To prepare for this event, Juan went to the bank to
be pre-approved for a loan, visited local dealerships to look at cars and prices, narrowed down the cars he liked, and then purchased the one that had the lowest price. This would be an example of ________.
A. ideal decision making model
B. integrative decision-making model
C. satisficing
D. the rational decision making model
E. alternative decision making
satisfying
- The rational decision-making model includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. assigning a dollar value to each alternative.
B. defining the problem
C. identifying the decision criteria
D. allocating weights to the criteria
E. evaluating the alternatives
assigning a dollar value to each alternative
- Antonio had spent weeks developing a presentation that outlined his marketing plan for the new product and he was ready to present his ideas to the board. Several of his fellow coworkers who had reviewed the presentation had tried to point out that one of Antonio’s assumptions was incorrect, leading to an incorrect conclusion, but Antonio was confident he had all the correct information and refused to make the correction. This is an example of ________.
A. attribution bias
B. rational decision making
C. escalation of commitment
D. satisficing
E. clarity
escalation of commitment
