chapter 7

Question 1

deindustrialization

Answer 1

a relative decline in industrial employment in core regions

Question 2

export-processing zone (EPZ)

Answer 2

small areas with favourable investment and trading conditions that are created by govts to attract export-oriented industries

Question 3

initial advantage

Answer 3

critical importance of an early start in economic development, a special case of external economies

Question 4

global divisions of labour

Answer 4

divisionor share of the types of economic activities across the globe

Question 5

new intl division of labour

Answer 5

deindustrialization of US
exploitation of wage disparities
based on weak labour/enviro laws in other countries

Question 6

technology system

Answer 6

clusters of interrelated energy, transportation and production technologies that dominate economic activity for several decades at a time

Question 7

trading bloc

Answer 7

groups of countries with formalized systems of trading agreements

Question 8

outsourcing

Answer 8

foreign and domestic forms of outside contracting. It is an agreement in which one company hires another company to be responsible for a planned or existing activity

Question 9

gross domestic product gdp

Answer 9

an estimate of the total value of all materials, foodstuffs, goods, and services produced by a country in a particular year

Question 10

**human development index

Answer 10

A long and healthy life: measured by life expectancy at birth
Knowledge: measured by expected years of schooling (for children of school entering age) and average years of schooling (for adults aged 25 and older)
A decent standard of living: measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita

Question 11

newly industrializing country (NIC)

Answer 11

countries, formerly peripheral within the world-system, that have acquired a significant industrial sector

Question 12

transnational corp (TNC)

Answer 12

companies with investments and activities that span int boundaries and with subsidiary companies, factories, offices, or facilities in several countries

Question 13

economic development (definition 1)

Answer 13

improvements in the prosperity of a place measured in productivity, incomes, purchasing power, and levels of consump

Question 14

economic development (definition 2)

Answer 14

processes of change in the economy of a region
- changes in economic structure (shift from agriculture to manu)
-changes in forms of economic org (shift in socialism to free market capitalism)
- changes in the avail and use of techology within the region

Question 15

measurements of economic development

Answer 15

GDP
GNI
PPP

Question 16

GNI

Answer 16

total income earned by a countrys people and businesses no matter where it was earned

Question 17

PPP

Answer 17

compare economic productivity and stds of livign b/w countries

compares diff countries currencies through a basket of goods appraoch

Question 18

human development index

Answer 18

measures life expectancy, education levels, and income

Question 19

patterns of economic development

Answer 19

economic development is uneven
widening gap b/w rich and poor
resource base is a key factor in economic dev
availibility and use of tech is another key factor
economic structure of a country/region a third key factor

Question 20

geographies of ineqaulities

Answer 20

life expectancy
personal income
access to education, health care, tech, green spaces, safety

Question 21

key factors in economic development

Answer 21

resource base
avail and use of tech
economic structure

Question 22

primary

Answer 22

extraction and harvesting of natural products

mining, fishing

Question 23

secondary

Answer 23

producing goods from natural products/adding value

manufacturing

Question 24

tertiary

Answer 24

providing services to businesses and consumers

retail sales, financial sector, education, lawyers

Question 25

quaternary

Answer 25

technological advancement and innovation

research and development

Question 26

geographical divisions of labour

Answer 26

primary economies (periphery)
secondary economies (core and semiperi)
tertiary and quat economies (core)

Question 27

fair trade

Answer 27

payment of fair prices
no child or exploited labour
safe working conditions
enivor sustainability