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Physics Flashcards > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

periodic back-and-forth motion that transmits energy

A

wave

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2
Q

substance through which a wave travels

A

medium

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3
Q

high point of a wave train

A

crest

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4
Q

low point of a wave train

A

trough

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5
Q

waves in which particles of the transmitting medium oscillate at right angles

A

transverse wave

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6
Q

waves in which particles of the transmitting medium oscillate in the direction of wave motion

A

longitudinal wave

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7
Q

portion of the longitudinal wave that is spread out

A

rarefaction pulse

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8
Q

portion of the wave that is squeezed together

A

compression pulse

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9
Q

length of a single wave

A

wavelength

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10
Q

maximum distance that particles are displaced by a wave

A

amplitude

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11
Q

inverse of a period; number of waves that pass a given point per unit time

A

frequency

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12
Q

SI unit of frequency

A

hertz

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13
Q

time needed for one wave cycle to pass

A

period

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14
Q

what is directly proportional to both wavelength and frequency

A

speed

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15
Q

change in the course of a wave as a result with an object or boundary

A

reflection

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16
Q

what does the law of reflection state

A

angle of incidence equals angle of reflection

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17
Q

spreading out of a wave after it passes through a narrow opening

A

diffraction

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18
Q

bending of the path of a wave as a result in change of speed

A

refraction

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19
Q

diffraction causes the wave to spread out evenly when the opening is roughly equal to ___ ___

A

one wavelength

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20
Q

refracted waves always bend toward what?

A

the medium that slows it down

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21
Q

temperature at which sound travels

A

331 m/s

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22
Q

occurs when two or more waves meet

A

interference

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23
Q

when a crest and trough with the same amplitude meet

A

complete destructive interference

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24
Q

when a crest meets a trough

A

destructive interference

25
Q

when two crests or troughs meet

A

constructive interference

26
Q

vibrations traveling through a medium in the form of longitudinal pressure waves

A

sound

27
Q

in order for sound to travel, it needs a ___

A

medium

28
Q

strength of a sound wave

A

intensity

29
Q

effect of intensity on the way the human ear perceives sound

A

loudness

30
Q

used to measure sound intensity level

A

decibel

31
Q

effect of frequency on the way the human ear perceives sound

A

pitch

32
Q

sound that can be heard

A

audible

33
Q

pitches below the audible range

A

infrasonic sounds

34
Q

sounds with pitches above the audible range

A

ultrasonic sound

35
Q

change in frequency caused by an object’s motion

A

Doppler effect

36
Q

main factor affecting the speed of sound

A

temperature

37
Q

speeds above the speed of sound

A

supersonic

38
Q

speeds below the speed of sound

A

subsonic

39
Q

noise a shock wave produces

A

sonic boom

40
Q

violent compression pulse

A

shock wave

41
Q

multiple reflections causing a persistence of sound

A

reverberation

42
Q

sound heard distinctly after being reflected from an object

A

echo

43
Q

developed to locate enemy submarines

A

sonar

44
Q

process of dissipating the energy of sound waves

A

absorption

45
Q

study of sound

A

acoustics

46
Q

series of organised sound waves that have deliberately been arranged

A

music

47
Q

random sound with no intended pattern

A

noise

48
Q

difference in pitch between two notes that has twice the frequency of the first note

A

octave

49
Q

two notes interfering harmoniously

A

consonance

50
Q

two notes interfering disagreeably

A

dissonance

51
Q

distance between two musical notes

A

interval

52
Q

a burst of loud sound pertaining to music

A

beat

53
Q

the low, dominant sound an instrument plays

A

fundamental

54
Q

sounds other than the fundamental an instrument plays

A

overtones

55
Q

The frequency relationships between the fundamental and overtones

A

harmonic series

56
Q

distinct sound of an instrument

A

timbre

57
Q

set of frequencies at which an object vibrates

A

natural frequencies

58
Q

when two frequencies are the same or nearly the same

A

resonance

59
Q

an opening to a hollow body

A

resonator

Physics Flashcards (4 decks)

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