Chapter 7 Flashcards
Episodic memory
Memory of a specific event
Memory
Recollect prior experiences and Information and skills learned in the past
Flash bulb memory
Events so important we remember every detail
Semantic memory
General information that we know
Implicit memory
Not clearly stated
Encoding
Translation of information into a form in which it can be used
Visual code
Form mental picture
Acoustic
Using sound to remember
Semantic codes
Making sense out of something (try to find meaning)
Storage
Maintenance of encoded information over time
Maintenance of Rehearsal
Mechanical or rote repetition of information to keep from forgetting it
Elaborative Rehearsal
Relate new info to something you already know
Organizational Systems
Filing system used to arrange learned information for later retrieval
Filing Error
Information filed incorrectly
Retrieval
Locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought
Context dependent memory
Memories that come back to you in the place they took place
State dependent memory
Memories that return because the original
On the tip of the tongue
Feeling that you know something you just can’t retrieve
Sensory Memory
Immediate, initial recording of data that enters through senses
Memory Trace
Visual impression that decays within a fraction of a second
Iconic Memory
Accurate, photographic images
Eidetic Memory
Ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time
Echoic memory
Mental pictures of sounds
Short Term Memory
Working memory; storage for information after the memory trace fades away
Primacy effect
Tendency to recall the initial items in a series
Recency effect
Tendency to recall the last items in a series
Chunking
Organizing information into familiar or manageable parts
George Miller
Average person can hold a list of 7items
Interference
New information appears in short term memory and takes the place of what was already there
Long term memory
Last stage; holds information for extended period of time
Schemas
The mental representations we form of the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge
Forgetting
Can occur at any stage
Displaced
Information hat is crowded out
Recognition
Identifying objects of events that have been encountered before
Recall
Being something back to mind
Relearning
Learn information again that was already known
Interference
New information disrupts new information placed in memory
Decay
Fading away of a memory over time
Repression
Forgetting something on purpose without knowing it
Amnesia
Severe memory loss often caused by trauma
Retrograde Amnesia
Forgetting the period leading up to a traumatic event
Anterograde Amnesia
Memory loss after a traumatic event
Lose ability to form new memories
Infantile Amnesia
Not remembering events before the age of three
